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Number of those who use the Chinese language, p. 1; sphere of the language, 1; Chinese little known to Western scholars, 2; different opinions, 3; some theories as to origin and family relationship, 4; Golius, Leibniz, Farrar, 4; John Webb, 5; early Roman Catholic missionaries, 7; Edkins, Marshman, Chalmers, 8; Logan, G. von der Gabelenz, 9; de Lacouperie, 11; Fried Müller, 12; some opinions on Chinese from the morphological point of view, F. von Schlegel, 12; Bopp, W. von Humboldt, 13; Schleicher, Pott, L. Adam, Max Müller, 14; Grube, 15; some opinions on the contents and general character of the language, 15; Semedo, 16; Premare, Amyot, 16; W. von Humboldt, Steinthal, Whitney, Renan, 17; materials for correct general judgment not yet ready, 19.

This chapter does not pretend to give a full account of the cultivation of their language by native authors, p. 20; early use of writing, 21; the state interpreters in Chow period, 22; cultivation of the language in this period, 23; Ch'in Shi Huang Ti's action, 26; the scholars of the Han dynasty, 28; the Buddhist missionaries from India, 36; the scholars of the Three Kingdoms