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LEOPOLD VON RANKE 259

writers that Ranke exerted the greatest influence at the uni- versity. It is much the same with his books. They are scholars' books. Only his History of the Popes has been a widely popular work. Four distinct translations of it were published in England and America.^ The History of Ger- many during the Reformation was partly translated, but has long been out of print. Of the French history, the first volume was put into English under the title of Civil Wars and Monarchy in France^ but the enterprise was not con- tinued. The English edition is out of print, and the Ameri- can edition has never been wholly sold. The History of England was translated by Oxford tutors through the influ- ence of Stubbs,^ but the demand in twenty years has not been sufficient to necessitate reprinting the edition. The Weltgeschiehte had the same experience as the French his- tory ; one volume only has been translated. The translations of the Ottoman and Spanish Monarchies and the Prussian History have been out of print for years. The case is differ- ent, of course, in Germany, but even there the demand for Macaulay's Englavid far surpassed that for Ranke's.^ The air of Ranke is too rarefied for the mass of readers. They need the warmth and glow of national or democratic feeling. Ranke is still a power in the academic world. Of recent English historians, Stubbs, Gardiner, and Creighton belong distinctively to his school. Stubbs stands beside Waitz; Creighton takes Ranke 's old theme and elaborates it in greater detail, and Gardiner draws more richly than the master could from Venetian, Roman, French, and Spanish relations, and in his narrative faithfully exemplified Ranke's principles and methods.* Of American historians the only

1 The explanation of this widespread demand for the History of the Popes in England is to be found, no doubt, in the great interest aroused by the. Tractarian movement and the attendant discussions.

'^ Stubbs : Seventeen Lectures on Medieval and Modern History, 57.

3 Wegele, 1054, says that Macaulay's History had " eine unendlich grossere Verbreitung " than Ranke's, This was in large measure owing to the fact that it fell in more with contemporary political feeling.


 * Since writing the above, I find in a review by Alfred Stern of Gardiner's