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the known toorld. Now, to the Koman of his day, Spain was the * jumping-off place,' and from it the world lay not to the West but to the East ; so Juvenal —

Auroram et Gangen.'
 * Omnibus in terris quae sunt a Gadibus usque

There is no more sense in reading the Atlantic Ocean into these passages than there would be in supposing that in Dr. Johnson's

Survey mankind, from China to Peru,'
 * Let observation, with extensive view,

the sage meant to confine his vision to the Pacific."