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 4. Possession is denoted as follows:—

La domo de la patro, the father's house. La libro de la patrino, the mother's book. La ĉapelo de Johano, John's hat.

5. The direction, or place towards which one goes, also takes the sign of the objective case, "n," as:

Mi iras Ramon, I go to Rome. La hundo saltis sur la liton, the dog jumped on (to) the bed. (He was not on the bed when he jumped, he was on the floor or elsewhere, and from there he jumped on to the bed).

But, La hundo saltis sur la lito means he was on the bed, and then jumped about on it.

6. The feminine is formed by inserting in before the termination o or oj, as: patro, patr-in-o, father, mother.

Edzo, edz-in-o, husband, wife. Koko, kok-in-o, cock, hen.

Mi vidis la edzon kaj la edzinon, I saw the husband and the wife.

7. "N" is also used in words signifying date. Li venis lundon, he came (on) Monday.

8. In words expressing weight, measure, price and duration "N" is likewise added, as Ŝi kantis du horojn, she sang (for) 2 hours.

1. All adjectives, and participles when used as adjectives, end in "a," as:

Forta, strong. Riĉa, rich. Brava, brave.

La bona patro, la bela patrino kaj la juna filo (sing). The good father, the beautiful mother and the young son.