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 48 A BUTLERS SERJEANTY m January on the Norman roll of 1180 1 to which I would now invite attention. In the text are at least seven entries relating to wine and one mention of the king's cellar. 2 Wine was bought for his use and dispatched from Rouen to Caen, Lyons, and Bonneville (sur Touques). But of chief interest for comparison with the Con- stitutio of less than half a century earlier are the entries relating to the king's baggage train. We have first the sumpter-horse and his harness ■ used in the transport of the king's chapel ' ; 3 then the sumpter-horses of the Camera regis and the wagons 4 (quadrigis) ; and finally, after the sumpter-horse that carried the king's plate, we come to what Stapleton describes as ' a waggon hooped with iron, dishes, flagons, a chest, along with traces, bridles, and halters for three horses, for the transport of the king's butlery '. 5 &c. : * Quadriga f errata et. . . frenis et capistris ad Pincernariam regis et in conredio. . . Stephani Quadrigarii,' &c. (i. cxi. 71). It is with this wagon that I am specially concerned. On the English pipe roll of eight years earlier (1172) we find the entry, relating to the king's transfretation from Portsmouth to Barfleur : ' pro vj carettariis 6 ad opus Regis liberatis Roberto Malduit et Hugoni de Kewilli [sic] viij li.' (p. 79). This Hugh de Quevilly can be identified as the holder of our ' butler ' office (ministerium) in England. We are indebted to Madox for an invaluable record, which he quotes, in one of his foot-notes, from the Pipe Roll of 1199 (1 John, rot. 7 b) : Willelnms de Chevill' redd. comp. de xl marcis pro habendo officio suo in Domo Regis, quod pater suus habuit, scilicet ostium Pincernae, et servire in Domo ut Pincerna, et Wardam [sic], ius quadrigae portantis utensilia Pincernae, et prisas vini, cum pertinentibus ad officium illud. 7 Here we have the butlery wagon (quadriga), which is mentioned on the Norman roll above, and the ' domus regis '. Again, although we may not be able to identify exactly in the Constitutio this ' ostium Pincernae '. Now an ' usher of the Butlery ' (ostiarius Butellarie) is duly found in the Constitutio. 8 Finally, the passage 1 i. 70, 71, dealt with on pp. cx-cxii of the introduction. 2 Cf. the entries, under 1198, cited by Stapleton (n. clxviii. 461) : ' Pro vinis Regis descarcandis apud Rokam de Oireval [Chateau Fouet on the Seine above Rouen]. . . . Pro tonellis Regis reliandis ibidem. . . . Pro iij estachis ficandis ad avaland' Tonellis Regis in cellarium ibidem. . . .' This term suggests the Thames avalagium on the Pipe Rolls. 3 Cf. ' duo summarii Capellae ' in the Constitutio. 4 See, for this department, p. 811 of the Red Booh text of the Constitutio. 5 Cf. Pipe Roll 30 Hen. II, p. 57 ' pro j careta ferrata ad pincernariam Regis xvjs.' 6 I take these to be cart-horses. The wagoner would be the Quadrigarius, though Stapleton rendered this word as ' Le Charretier '. 7 Exchequer, p. 317, n. t (Essex). 8 Red Book, pp. ccxci, 810.
 * butler ' service, we learn from this entry that it comprised