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 1921 SHORT NOTICES 315 similarly brought in by him ; the second to our ' Chancery Warrants ', and the fourth to the original writs annexed to particulars of accounts in the department of the king's remembrancer of the exchequer. The introduction is most instructive as to the procedure of issuing letters under the seal of Burgundy in the fifteenth century, and is an excellent piece of work. It hardly seems worth while, however, to list these scattered warrants and letters since the registers of the chancery appear to exist at Lille in the Archives Departementales. M. Nelis has also prepared from the same source an Inventaire des Comptes en Rouleaux (Brussels : Goemaere, 1916). These are mainly territorial, and correspond roughly with our ' Ministers' Accounts ', and are almost all of the fourteenth century. They include land revenue, profits of justice, mint accounts, &c, and should be invaluable for social and economic history. M. Leo Verriest contributes an Inventaire du Fonds de la Cour des Mortmains de Hainaut (Brussels : Goemaere, 1915). This deals with what correspond to ' heriots ', and the legal questions arising from them. These documents are at Mons, and supplement the larger collections at Brussels and Lille. The Inventaire des Archives de V Universite de VEtat a Louvain et du College Philosophique (Brussels : Hayez, 1917), by M. Nelis, enumerates the records of the ill-fated university and theological seminary established at Louvain by the Dutch government by decrees of 1816 and 1825 respectively. Published inventories of university archives are not numerous, and this is interesting as a specimen of the classes of documents likely to be met with in such collections. The second volume of M. Alfred d'Hoop's Inventaire General des Archives Ecclesiastiques de Brabant (Brussels : Guyot, 1914) deals with parish churches and charitable foundations. It attempts, with very varying success, to give an account of the docu- ments preserved respectively in the Koyal Archives at Brussels, in the churches or presbyteries, and in the registry of the archbishopric of Malines. It is thus not homogeneous, since the three sets of records differ in origin, nor has it been possible in many cases to get returns from the parish priests. The attempt is, however, interesting, and should be of great use to local historians. All these lists are well indexed, the Belgian administration being clearly of opinion that the issue of unindexed lists is not a wise economy. C. J. The ninth volume of Papers of the British School at Rome (London : Macmillan, 1920) includes two articles of special interest for papal history. In one of these Monsignor H. K. Mann studies the evidence that remains for the portraiture of the early and mediaeval popes. He works chiefly from the medallions in St. Paul's fuore le Mure which survived the fire of 1823 and from the seventeenth-century copies by Grimaldi preserved in the Barberini MS. 4407 in the Vatican library. The earlier specimens he compares with such mosaic and fresco portraits as are preserved else- where. His conclusion is that ' while the portraits in old St. Paul's from the pontificate of Martin V, or even from that of Urban VI, are genuine, almost every one of the others is more or less imaginary, and yet in every period of the history of the popes a certain number of authentic portraits are available '. It would be difficult to find a greater contrast to those