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 1921 AND THE DUKE OF BEDFORD 181 efforts to enforce payment were evidently disappointing. 1 The only other ransom of which there is mention is one of 400 ecus laid upon St. Valery-en-Caux, which the king, wearied by the difficulties which he was encountering at Rouen, granted to an English soldier, provided he could collect the money. 2 More important were the steps taken to collect revenue from the conquered parts of Normandy. The royal domain of the French kings came at once, by the logic of Henry's pretensions, into English hands. At first we find a special agent appointed to collect from a particular locality, a practice which may also have been connected with an attempt to organize the supply of the army. 3 The permanent administrative organization came later when success had given assurance of actually occupying the country. This can be followed by observing the succession of appointments made by Henry of civil officials whose primary duties were the maintenance of order and the collection of revenue. This began, early in the campaign, during the king's first sojourn at Caen with the appointment of a seneschal at Bayeux, 4 who, a fortnight later, appointed a ' vicomte '. 5 Caen, being the English base, remained under military rule until the completion of the Alencon campaign, when a ' bailli ' and 1 vicomte ' were installed there. 6 On 1 November 1417 Sir John Tiptoft became president of the Norman exchequer, 7 and on 14 January 1418 Sir Lewis Robessart was appointed master of waters and forests. 8 Throughout the campaign which culminated in February at Falaise the process of organizing the conquered districts continued. By 4 February, when the last resistance was over, there were * vicomtes ' over Auge, Orbec, Berny, Caen, Bayeux, St. Sylvain, Conde-sur-Noireau, Falaise, Argentan, Exmes, and Alencon, 9 indicating English control of a region comprising roughly the Calvados and the middle section of the Orne. From that date military organization followed close on the army's heels. Alencon, Exmes, Perche, and St. Sylvain were 1 For payments in 1421-2, see Foreign Accts. 69 F v. In October 1430 there was still an unpaid balance of 24,000 ' salus ' (Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France, ed. J. Stevenson (Rolls Series), n. i. 154. 2 Cal. of Norm. Rolls, 41. 800. 3 Hardy, pp. 173, 194. * Ibid. p. 320. 5 Ibid. p. 218. 6 Henry appointed Sir Gilbert Umfraville captain of Caen 30 September 1417 (Hardy, p. 159). In a document of 6 December 1417 there is explicit mention of a ' vicomte ' at Caen (ibid. p. 370). Carel, Hist, de la Ville de Caen (Philippe II- Charles IX), pp. 297-8, and La Rue, Essais Hisioriques, ii. 266, declare that the French 'vicomte', Gilles a l'Espee, exercised his office only up to the fall of the city in September, and that Jean Anzere was appointed by Henry in 1418, Probably Anzere was appointed in 1417. Alington mentions receipts from him for 1417 (Exchequer Accts. 187/14, f o. 3), which may have been for arrears. On 24 December 1417 Sir John Popham became ' bailli ' of Caen (Hardy, p. 231). 7 Ibid. p. 205. 8 Ibid. p. 256- • Ibid. p. 365.