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 1921 AND THE DUKE OF BEDFORD 179 1420) gives no indication of any payments to the royal head- quarters, and does show that all but 5,121 livres tournois 6s. lid. of the Norman revenue was expended for Norman affairs. 1 On the other hand, a comparison of Alington's fourth account 2 with that of the treasurer of war 3 for about the same period shows that the former paid nothing towards the household expenses except for provender bought at the royal order, 4 while Sir William Philip, the treasurer of war, gives statements of receipts from the Norman chancery, from the Rouen mint, from the ransom of Rouen, and from the ' vicomtes ', ' baillis ', and other officials in France and Normandy. Evidently not all the Norman revenue passed through Alington's hands. By 1423-4, however, official relations between the civil and military administration, in matters of finance, are more apparent. The account for that year of Pierre Surreau, the receiver-general, 5 shows payment of over 70,000 livres tournois to John Barton, treasurer of Bedford's household, of which 29,437 livres tournois 105. were for wages to be paid to the household troops, 6 and 52,000 livres tournois were for 'household expenses'. That this was part of the regular budget seems evident from the fact that payment was made from revenue derived from the ' gabelle ' and the * aides ', which were part of the regular annual income, not from the extraordinary levy, and from the fact that similar assignments were made in 1425 and 1429. 7 It must be recalled, however, that the death of Henry V marks a change in financial policy whereby the costs of the war were almost entirely shifted to Normandy and France. Consequently, in spite of this evidence from Surreau's account, there still remains uncertainty as to the administrative details of the process by which Norman receipts were used by the army in the field in Henry's time. Suffice it to say that the treasurer of war's chief function was to act as paymaster for troops not in garrison. With the establishment of a Norman financial system, the garrisons were paid by the Norman officials out of the Norman revenues 1 Exchequer Accts. 187/14, fo. 35 v. The one exception is' 200 livres tournois paid by the ' vicomte ' of Conches to the clerk of the king's butler (ibid. fo. 3). a Ibid. 188/7. 3 Foreign Accts. 69 F ff. 4 Exchequer Accts. 188/7, fo. 28 v. 6 See below, p. 192, n. 5. 6 Bibliotheque Nationale, Fonds Francais, 4485. This was part of the sum of 35,750 livres tournois to support a force of 100 men-at-arms and 300 archers for one year. Did the remaining 6,312 livres tournois 10s. come from the French revenue ? 7 C. de Beaurepaire, ' De l'administration de la Normandie sous la domination anglaise ', in Memoires de la Soc. des Antiquaires de Normandie, t. xxiv, 172. This learned author's allusion to this payment as a ' dotation ' makes it seem probable that he did not appreciate the administrative functions of the household : Hitter, i Extraits du Journal du Tresor ' (Bibliotheque de VEcole des Charles, lxxiii), p. 475. N 2