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 442 REVIEWS OF BOOKS to have been from a cause totally independent of Struensee, the necessity of the case. Monarchy had otherwise no adequate organ of expression. Of Struensee's innovations few survived the reaction of 1772. The independence of the foreign office was retained, and to a certain extent his plan of a separate financial college received approval. It proved impossible completely to revive the old procedure. A. P. Bernstorff ... retained the complete new order in the German chancery. ... In the Danish chancery. . . there was only retained of Struensee's work the abolition of perquisites and three other changes. If this constitutes greatness, the standard can hardly be high. W. F. EEDDAWAY. British Diplomacy, 1813-15 : Select Documents. Edited by C. K. WEBSTER, M.A. (London : Bell, 1921.) As the Castlereagh Correspondence, the Wellington Despatches, and other sources dealing with the years 1813-15 are now out of print, it is a boon to students to have in one volume, of moderate price, the most important of all the British documents which bear on that period. Professor Webster therefore deserves their thanks for making a selection from among the fifty or sixty thousand documents that were available. He has here brought together 230, several of them being taken from the hitherto un- published collections in our Foreign Office archives. This volume is therefore a source-book of exceptional value, which is enhanced by the introduction and notes of the editor. Mr. Webster has made a special study of this period, and no one is better qualified for the task than he. Appendix I makes accessible for the first time in its original form, and almost in full, the Foreign Office Memorandum of 19 January 1805, which set forth the British views on the recent Kussian proposals for alliance. The version given by Alison, which has generally been followed, is defective in several respects. The paragraphs in italics, here printed for the first time, form more than a third of the whole document, and contain proposals which outline clearly the arrangements respecting Italy, the Rhine Province, and Belgium which were revived in 1814. One of the last of the new paragraphs proves that in 1805 Pitt, Mulgrave, and Castlereagh were less anxious than the tsar for the restoration of the French Bourbons, considering it only as a secondary object, and not to be pressed except in case of a decided triumph and of a ' strong and prevailing disposition for the return of the monarch ' among the French people. I have found proofs of the same cautious and conditional royalism on the part of Pitt and Grenville in 1793 at the very beginning of the First Coalition, whereas the aims of Catharine II were vehemently monarchist. The policy of the two cousins lived on and influenced the settlements of 1814-15. At many points in Castlereagh's dispatches of April-December 1813 to Lord Cathcart, the student will note the emergence and crystallizing of the ideas which influenced the moulding of modern Europe : e. g. ' To keep France in order we require great masses ', Prussia, Austria, and Kussia being restored to their former strength, while the inferior states must assist the allies ' or pay the forfeit of resistance '. Castlereagh,