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 f 1920 REVIEWS OF BOOKS 696 tures of various witnesses. In several instances witnesses unable to write have got the notary to write their names down for them and have not scrupled to explain their action as due to their illiteracy. Thus on p. 114 a index and a baiulus do not hesitate to say severally, ' ego nesciens scribere per manus predicti notarii me subscribi feci et sigillavi '. In another case out of thirteen witnesses only the judge of Palermo can write and the other twelve ' scribere nescientes per manuE predicti notarii fecimus nos subscribi ' (p. 491). Latin is the tongue of nearly all the documents, but there are three or four in Catalan and there are instances of signatures of witnesses in Greek and Arabic (pp. 318, 389). One notary subscribes in Latin, but proudly notes that his sub- scription is i8tox€tpws (p. 319). One judge subscribes ' sigillo suo noto cera viridi ', and a seal of Queen Constance is ' de cera alba ' (p. 129). Thus the system of the French and English chanceries. of indicating the quality of the document by the colour of the wax seems not unknown in Sicily. In technical points of this sort a little more help from the editor would not have been amiss. T. F. Tout. Records of the Social and Economic History of England and Wales, vol. iv 1. A Terrier of Fleet, Lincolnshire. Edited by Miss N. Neilson, Ph.D. 2. An Eleventh-Century Inquisition of St. Augustine's, Canterbury. By the late A. Ballard, M.A., LL.B. (The British Academy, London : Milford, 1920.) The Fleet Terrier of 1316, here printed from Add. MS. 35169 in the British Museum, is a very interesting and important addition to the generally accessible materials for the history of the manorial system of the middle ages. Miss Neilson has taken no narrow view of her editorial duties, and though Fleet and its immediate neighbours in Lincolnshire, in the part of Holland, had divided up between them the fen which lay to the south of them long before 1316, she has devoted the greater part of her introduc- tion to a detailed study from original sources of the system of inter- commoning by vills or groups of vills in the fenlands to the north, east, and south-east. An excellent map makes the somewhat complicated arrangements extremely clear. Valuable as this study is to the student of medieval rural economy, it yields first place in novelty and interest to the graphic picture of the economy of a large marshland village deducible from the Terrier. The most striking feature, and the hardest to relate to previously-known data, is its field system. Dr. Gray has noted that the fen country of south Lincolnshire lay outside the region of the two- or three-field system, but he has not attempted to ascertain what it actually was. The nearest fen village which he mentions is Walsoken across the Norfolk border, and that curiously enough was the only village in East Anglia in which he found the virgate as a typical villein tenement, which he regards as evidence of a two- or three-field arrangement. The Danelaw equivalent of the virgate, the bovate or oxgang, or rather in this case the half -bovate, was the typical holding x)f_the viUeins, or workmen, as they are called, of Fleet. It was scattered in" parcels, too, in different Qq2