Page:English Historical Review Volume 35.djvu/477

 1920 SHORT NOTICES 469 account given by the cardinal of the college archives that the materials awaiting investigation are very rich ; and this is not surprising consider- ing the long history of the institution, going back to the ' Schola Anglorum ' of the eighth century, though we gather that the earliest docurnents belong to the ' Hospitium ' founded in the fourteenth. It would be vain to expect much that is new in a work of this kind, but the cardinal gives us a clear and readable story of the college established in 1578 for the higher training of priests destined for the English mission. As is freely admitted, it was not a great success, apparently owing to the distrust felt by the ecclesiastical authorities at home for the Jesuit instructors to whom the teaching of the college was entrusted till the suppression of the society in 1773. A new era began with the reopening of the college in 1818. Much of its success in modern times is evidently due to the influence of its able and cultured second rector. Dr. (afterwards Cardinal) Wiseman. G. McN. R. To the Anzeiger fur Schweizerische Geschichte, 1919, no. 2, M. Maxime Reymond contributes an article on the origins of the house of Savoy, which without containing much fresh material will be found useful, especially for its references, by those who desire to find their way through a tangle of genealogical difficulties. He parts company with Gingins-la-Sarra and Carutti — not to speak of Gisi — and mainly follows the conclusions arrived at by M. G. de Manteyer in a brilliant article which appeared in the Melanges d* Archeologie et d'llistoire for 1899.^ On p. 97 it is expressly denied that Anselm, who is taken to be the father of Humbert aux Blanches-Mains, was count of the Pagus Equestricus (Nyon) ; but the fact is proved by one of the Cluny charters (no. 622) and is indeed asserted by M. Reymond himself in a note to p. 110. R. In his short essay Staatstheorien Papst Innocenz' III (Jenaer His- torische Arbeiten, Heft 9. Bonn : Marcus & Weber, 1920) Dr. Erich W. Meyer makes an attempt to arrange in systematic form the ideas which inspired or were made the basis of Innocent's policy. It is a helpful col- lection of references, and Dr. Meyer shows clearly how Innocent made use of and frequently gave additional point to the Biblical, legal, and historical arguments of his predecessors. The best pages of the essay are those dealing with the pope's relations with the German princes. As the suc- cessor of St. Peter and in virtue of the donation of Constantine the pope was the supreme authority in secular matters and greater than the emperor whom he approved and anointed. Yet the rights of the princes to elect the king of Germany, or emperor-elect, were undeniable. Innocent, who at first feared the hereditary tendency no less than the Sicilian claims of the Hohenstaufen, strongly supported the elective principle. He pointed out, however, that he had an equal right to approve the protector of the church, and, availing himself of an analogy drawn from episcopal elections, made the maiora studia or the saluhritas, not the number, of the electors, one of the tests of worthiness in the elected. Dr. Meyer does not make it sufficiently clear that Innocent's significance in the history of political ' Cf. a»<e, xxvi (1911) 315 f.