Page:English Historical Review Volume 35.djvu/365

 1920 THE VENETIAN REVIVAL IN GREECE 357 interfere with the orthodox church. Those catholic Chiotes, on the other hand, who did not emigrate to the Morea, were dismayed at the departure of the Italians, and paid dearly for their brief triumph when the Turks returned. Four were hanged, their religion was prohibited, and their cathedral (whose archbishop was compensated by the Venetians with the titular see of Corinth) was turned into a mosque.^ This was the last important event of the war in Greece. A series of naval battles was fought in the Aegean ; and, even after the Venetians had abandoned the idea of operations north of the Morea, the continental Greeks kept up a guerrilla warfare on their own account with the aid of Slavonian troops. Unable to make head against their combined efforts, Liberakes went over to the Venetians, who showed their distrust of the ' Bey of Maina ' by imprisoning him at Brescia, where he ended his days. In 1699, thanks to English mediation, the war ended with the peace of Carlovitz, by which Venice retained possession of the Morea, Santa Maura, and Aegina, and ceased to pay tribute for Zante, but restored to the sultan her continental Greek conquests, such as Lepanto. The castles of Prevesa and Rumeli, the classic Antirrhion, were to be demolished ; but Venice did not recover Grabusa. Thus the end of this fifteen years' costly war found her with a Greek dominion consisting of the seven Ionian Islands, Butrinto and Parga in Epeiros, the two Cretan forts of Spinalonga and Suda, Tenos and Aegina, and the ' kingdom ' of the Morea, the whole of which, in the middle ages, had never been hers. When the Venetians set to work to reorganize the Morea, they found their new conquest devastated and depopulated,^ Much of the land had gone out of cultivation, for there were not hands enough to till it, and the war and the plague had aggravated the evils engendered by the long period of Turkish rule. As early as 1687 they took the first step to improve the condition of their new colony by sending three commissioners with instructions to make a survey of the country, its mills, fisheries, mines, and other resources, and in 1688 sent Cornaro as its first governor, or proweditore generate. He estimated the total population, exclusive of Maina and the district of Corinth, to be only 86,468, as against ' Garzoni, i. 622, 629 ; Toumefort, Relation cTun Voyage du Levant, i. 141. Venezianer in Morea' {Sdmmt. Werke, xlii. 277-361), and by Zinkeisen (Geschichte des osmaniachen Retches, v. 473-89), have since been published by the late Professor Lampros in his 'laropiKo. VlfKtTrifxaTa, pp. 199-220, and in AtXriov rrji 'laropiK^s ical 'EevoKoyiKTJi 'Eraipiai, ii. 282-317, 686-710 ; v. 228-51, 425-567, 605-823. For the campaign of 1715 see Brue, Journal de la Campagne ; Diedo, Storia della Repubblica di Venezia, iv. 73-107 ; the Greek poem by Manthos of Joannina (an eyewitness), ' Conquete de la Moree par les Turcs ' in Legrand, Bibliotheque grecque wlgaire, iii. 280-331 ; Ferrari, DeUe Notizie storiche della Lega contra Acmet III, pp. 41-69 ; Chronique de l^ Expedition des Turcs en Moree, 1715, aitribtiee a, Constantin Dioiketes.
 * The reports of the Venetian governors, used by Banke for his essay ' Die