Page:English Historical Review Volume 35.djvu/349

 1920 PAR18 AND CHARTRES, 1136-1146 341 of Matthew had the gloss Amiclas, servus} Then he found some verses by Nicholas of Rievaux on Henry, the Young King : Floruit Henricus quasi Carolus ; alter Ulisses Sensu : Croesus erat opibus ; post, pauper Amiclas.^ It is evident, therefore, that in the twelfth century, when Lucan was a regular school-book, the term pauper Amyclas had come to be used as a synonym for a poor man.^ Robertus Amiclas in our poem simply means poor Robert. According to John of Hexham, Robert PuUus refused a bishopric offered him by Henry I ; ' victum et vestitum habens, his contentus fuit ' : he had no care for riches. 4. Manerius has hitherto been unexplained. It has been conjectured that the name has been misread for Maurice of Sully, who was made bishop of Paris in 1160.* But Mainerius or Meinerius is twice mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis, who says that ' magistrum Meinerium, principalem Petri Abalardi discipulum et rhetorem incomparabiliter eximium, in auditorio suo Parisius coram multitudine scholarium recitantem audi- vimus '.^ Mainerius held a prebend at Paris as late as 1174.® 5. We have now seen that, with the exception of the pro- blematic Reynold, every one of the thirteen men named in the Metamorphosis Goliae is a known person ; most of them are very well known. Now this list includes a certain Bernard. Who was he ? The opinion which was formerly entertained that he was Bernard of Chartres must be abandoned. But we have to discover a Bernard who can be identified. He must, I think, probably be Bernard Silvestris. It is true that this Bernard is only » Advers. xxxi. 16, p. 1461 (1648). In Bodl. MS. Auct. F. 5. 6, the gloss is serviens. vol. iii. 643. Nicholas of Rievaulx, who is known only from the extracts printed by Picard, has escaped all the literary historians. But Picard was a canon of St. Victor, and one would therefore first look for his manuscript in the collection of that abbey. Now the MS. 1030 of St. Victor, which has now become MS. Lat. 15127 in the Biblio- theque Nationale, contains the Tobias of Matthew of Vendome and other pieces, among which are verses on some abbots of Rievaulx (fo. 43 b) and letters of N. monk of Rievaulx (f o. 85 6). See Delisle's Inventaire des Manuscrits de V Abbaye de Saint- Victor (1869). From this manuscript Haureau quotes two lines, which he says are by ' un anonyme, poete tres fecond, que nous supposons avoir ete moine de Rievaux' (Les M^anges poetiques d'Hildebert de Lavardin, p. 207, n. 1, 1882) : these lines are to be found among the extracts from Nicholas printed by Picard. Dr. H. H. E. Craster kindly directed my attention to this last reference. ecclesiastica, ii. 37 ; ibid. ii. 349, 1862. The former passage was quoted by Anthony Wood, Hist, and Antiq. of the Univ. of Oxford, i. 157 (ed. J. Gutch, Oxford, 1792), under the year 1160 ; but he gave the master's name as Menervius. reference I am indebted to the kindness of M. Langlois.
 * Quoted by J. Picard, note to William of Newburgh, ii. 27, in Heame's edition,
 * This was observed by Forcellini, Lex, a. v.
 * Hist. litt. de la France, xv. (1820), 155.
 * Speculum Ecdesiae, i. prooem., 0pp. iv. 7, ed. J. S. Brewer, 1873 ; cf. Oemma
 * Denifle and Chatelain, Chartul. Univers. Paris, i. (1889), no. 6, pp. 6 f. For this