Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/176

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VIRGINIA BIOGRAPHY

presence in the Confederacy being held as dangerous to the new government. He de- hvered speeches in advocacy of the Federal cause, in the principal cities of the north, until 1864, when he returned to Tennessee, and the next year, with the aid of the negro vote, was elected governor under the mili- tary state government During his admin- istration the people sought relief from his rule by establishing the "Ku Klux Klan," and disturbances arose, and in his endeavor for suppression, he declared martial law in sev- eral counties. In 1867 he had the aid of the United States troops to carry into effect the hated reconstruction law, disfranchising the whites in Nashville, where resistance vvas made by the mayor. In 1869 he was elected to the United States senate, and he resigned as governor, sold his newspaper, and confined himself to his senatorial duties. At the end of his term, he returned to Knoxville, and again became its editor. In 1862 he published a volume, "Rise, Prog- ress and Decline of Secession." He died at Knoxville, April 29, 1877.

Ammen, Jacob, born in Botetourt county, Virginia, January 7, 1808. He was gradu- ated at West Point in 1831, and served there ab assistant instructor in mathematics, and afterward of infantry tactics until August 31, 1832. During the threatened "nullifica- tion" of South Carolina he was on duty in Charleston harbor. From October 4, 1834, to November 5, 1837, he was again at West Point as an instructor, and he resigned from the army November 30, 1837, to accept a professorship of mathematics at Bacon Col- lege, Georgetown, Kentucky. Thence he v/ent to JeiTerson College, Washington, Mississippi, in 1839, to the University of

Indiana in 1840, to Jefferson College again in 1843, ^"d returned to Bacon College in 1848. From 1855 to 1861 he was a civil engineer at Ripley, Ohio, and on April 18 of that year became captain of the Twelfth Ohio Volunteers. He was promoted lieu- tenant-colonel May 2, and participated in the West Virginia campaign (June and July) under McClellan. where the first con- siderable Federal successes of the war were gained. After the campaigns in Tennessee and Mississippi he was promoted to be brig- adier-general of volunteers, July id, 1862, and was in command of camps of instruc- tion in C^hio and Illinois until December 16, 1863. From April 10, 1864, to January 14. 1865, when he resigned, he was in com- mand of the district of East Tennessee.

Cranch, Christopher Pearce, born at Alex- andria, Virginia, March 8, 1813, son of Judge William Cranch, of the circuit court of Washington, a jurist of eminence, and for many years reporter for the United States supreme court. He was intended for tlie ministry, and studied at the Harvard Theological Seminary, but his love for art and literature induced him to leave the ministry in 1842. He went to Italy and Paris, and remamed there as a student, with a single visit to America, until 1863, when he returned home and located in New York. He soon achieved reputation as a landscape paii.ter. and was elected to the .National Academy in 1864. In his later years he practically abandoned painting, and devoted himself to letters. An early collection of poems, published in 1S44. was the beginning of a long line of varied liter- rry and ])oetical works. In addition to a translation of the .-Eneid," he issued