Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/821

 BUN B U L ( 689 ) to commit in the making of fuch alloys, the After the reading of the bull, the pope throws a burn- tempted of civilized countries have ordained, that ing torch into the public place, to denote the thunder legillators there lhall be no more than a certain propoition of a of this anathema. metal to a particular quantity of pure gold cr Golden Bull, an edift, or imperial conftitution, made bafer to make them of the iinencls of what by the emperor Charles IV. reputed to be the magna filver, intheorderftandard gold or filver of fuch a country. charta, or the fundamental law of the German empire. is called According to the laws of England, all forts, of It is called golden, becaufe it has a golden feal, in wrought plate in general, -ought to be made to the the form of a pope’s bull, tied with yellow and red legal ftandard; and the price of our ftandard gold and cords of filk : upon one fide is the emperor repreis the common rule whereby to fet a value on fented fitting on his throne, and on tit other rhe ca- filver their bullion, whether the fame be in ingots, bars, pitol of Rome, It is allb called Caroline, on Charles dull, or in foreign fpecie: whence it is eafy to conIV’s account. Till the publication of the golden bull, ceive that the value of bullion cannot beexaftly known, the form and ceremony of the eiedhon of an emperor without being firft aflayed, that the exaft quantity were dubious and undetermined, and the number of of pure metal therein contained may be determined, the ele&ors not fixed. This folemn edidt regulated and confequently whether it be above or below the the fundtions, rights,, privileges, and pre-eminences of ftandard. the eledtors. The original, which is in Latin, on and gold, whether coined or uncoined, (tho’ vellum, is preferved at Frankfort: this r ordonnance, ufedSilver for a common meafure of other things), are no containing thirty articles, or chapters, w as approved a commodity, than wine, tobacco, or cloth; and of by all the princes of the empire, and remain Hill in lefs may, in many cafes, be exported as much to the naforce. BULLA, in zoology, a genus belonging to the order of tional advantage as any other commodity. vermes teftaceae. It is an animal of the fnail-kind : BULLOCK, the fame with an ox, or gelded bull. The fttell confifts of one valve, convoluted, and with- See Bos. out any prickles •, the aperture is narrowilh, oblong, BULLY-tree, in botany. See ChrysophyllUm. longitudinal, and entire at. the bafe; the columella is BULTEL, a term ufed to denote the refufe of meal after fmooth and oblique. There are twenty-three fpecies, drefling, or the cloth wherein it is drefled, otherwife moll of them natives of the Afiatic and Atlantic o- called bulter-cloth. ceans. BULWARK, in the ancient fortification. See RamBULLAs in Roman antiquity, ornaments at firll given part. only to the fons of noblemen ; though afterwards they BUMICILLI, a religious fed! of Mahometans in Egypt became of more common ufe. This ornament was and Barbary, who pretend to fight with devils, and firft given by Tarquinius with the prsetexta to his fon, commonly appear in a fright and covered with wounds who had, with his own hand, at fourteen years of age, and bruifes. About the full moon they counterfeit a killed an enemy. Thus we find the bulla was a fign combat in the prefence of all the people, which lafts of triumph. Macrobius relates, that the children of for two or three hours, and is performed with aflafreed men were allowed to wear the pranexta, and, gaias, or javelins, till they fall down quite fpent; in inllead of the golden bulla, a leathern one, about a little time, however, they recover their fpirits, get their necks : Thofe bullae were made hollow within to up, and walk away. inclofe amulets againft envy, tec. When the youth BUNGAY, a market-town of Suffolk, fituated on the arrived at fifteen years of age, they hung up their river Wavenny, about thirty-two miles0 north-eaft of bullae about the necks of their gods lares. We are Bury: E. Ion. i° 35', and N. lat. 52 35'. farther informed, that the bullae were not only hung BUNGO, or Bongo. See Bongo. about the necks of young men, but of horfes alfo. in botany, a genus of the tetradynamia filiBULLEN, a term ufed by country people for hemp- BUNIAS, quofa clafs. The pod is deciduous, quadrangular, ftalks peeled. and the angles are Unequal and terminate in (harp BULLET, an iron or leaden ball, pr ftiot, wherewith points. There are four fpecies, only one of which, fire-arms are loaded. See Ball. viz. the cakile, of fea-rocket, is a native of Britain. BULLINGBROKE, in geography. See Boling- BUNDLE, a colledtion of things wrapped up together. brook. Of bafte-ropes, harnefs-plates, and glover’s knives, BULLION, uncoined gold or filver in the mafs. make a bundle ; of Hamburg yarn, twenty flceans ; Thofe metals are called fo, either when fmelted ten of bafket-rods, three feet about the band. from the native ore, and not perfectly refined; or BUNIUM, botany, a genus of the pentandria digy-' when they are perfedly refined, but melted down in nia clafs. inThe is uniform; the umbella is bars or ingots, or in any unwropght body, of any de- thick; and the fruitcorolla is oval. There is but one fpegree of finenefs. cies, viz. the bulbocaftanum, kipper-nut, When gold and filver are in their purity, they are pig-nut, or hawk-nut, a native ofearth-nut, Britain. fo foft and flexible, that they cannot well be brought BUNK, or Bunken, in the materia medica. See Leuinto any falhion for .ufe, without being firft reduced CACANTHA. and hardened with an alloy of fome other bafer metal. BUNT of a fail, the middle part of it, formed defignTo prevent thefe abufes, which fome might be edly into a bag or cavity, that the fail may gather Vol. I, Nunjb. 29. 3 8M more