Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/814

 B R O (682 ) B R O BRONCHOTOMY, infurgery, an incifion made in the The ancients ufed the term brother, indifferently, afpera arteria, or wind-pipe, which is neceffary in ma- to almod all who dood related in the collateral line, ny cafes, and efpecially in a violent quinfey, to pre- as uncles and nephews, coufms-german, 6v. vent fuffocation from the great inflammation or tumor According to the laws of Mofes, the brother of a of the parts. It is alfo called laryngotomy and tra- man, who died without children, was obliged to marcheotomy. See Surgery. ry the widow of the deceafed, in order to raife up BRONCHUS, according to Galen, is the afpera arte- children to him, that his name and memory might ria which reaches from the larynx to the lungs, con- not be extindt. See the article Widow. fifting of the bronchia. Among us, it is cudomary for kings to give the tiSometimes it is put for the whole afpera arteria; tle brother to each other. and Hippocrates ufes it to fignify the throat. In the civil law, brothers, fratres, in the plural BRONTI^E, or Thunder-stones, in natural hifto- number, fometimes comprehends fiders. ry. See Belemnites. Brother is alfo a cudomary term for prieds of the BRONTIUM, in Grecian antiquity, a place under- fame perfuafion to addrefs one another by; but it is neath the floor of the theatres, in which were kept more particularly ufed to denote the relation between brazen veflels full of ftones and other materials, with monks of the fame convent, as father Zachary: In which they imitated the noife of thunder. Englifh, we more ufually fay, Friar Zachary, from BRONTOLOGY denotes the do&rine of thunder, or an the French word frere, brother. Preachers alfo call explanation -of its caufes, phsenomena, <&c. together their hearers, my brethren, or my dear brethren ; and with the prefages drawn from it. See Thunder, and fometimes they ufe the Angular number, and fay, my Electricity. brother. This appellation is borrowed, from the primitive BRONZE, a compound metal, confiding of one part of tin, ten of copper, and a little zinCi See Chemi stry. Chridians, who all called each other brothers : but it BRONZES, a name given by antiquarians to figures ei- is now principally ufed for fuch of the religious as are ther of pien orbeafts, to urns, and, in general, to e- not prieds ; thofe in orders are generally honoured with very piece of fculpture which the ancients made of that the title of father, whereas the red are only Amply metal. We likewife give the name of bronzes to fla- brothers. tues or bulls call of bronze, whether thefe pieces be Brotkers-german. See German. Brothers of the rofy-crofs. See RosicruciAn. copies of antiques, or original fubjefis. Among medallifts, all copper medals bear the name BROUCK, the name of a town of Germany, in the circle of Wedphalia, upon the river Roer; and iikeof bronze. BRONZING, the art of varnifliing wood, plafter, ivo- wife of a town of Switzerland, upon the banks of the ry,, fo as to give them the colour of bronze. See Aar. BROUERSHAVEN, a port-town of Zeland, in the Varnishing. united Netherlands, Atuated on the north Ade of the BROOD, the young of fifli, fowls, die. of BROODING, the ad of a hen in hatching her eggs. iflabd of Schonen, about0 nine miles fouth-wed Helvoetfluys: E. Ion. 3 55', and N. lat.-5i0 50'. See Hatching. BROW, or Eye-brow, an hairy arch extended over BROOK, a little river or fmall current of water. eye. See p, 291. col. 1. A brook is diftinguilhed from a river infomuch as the orbit of each among builders, denotes a beam which a river flows at all times, whereas a brook flows at BROW-post, goes acrofs a building. fume particular feafons. only. Brow-antler, among fportfmen, that branch of a Brook-/zw<?. See Anagallis. deer’s horn next the tail. BROOM, in botany. See Genista. jSa/c^rr-BRooM, the Enghlh name of the rufeus. See BROWALLIA, in botany, a genus of the didynamia angiofpermia clafs. The calix has Ave teeth ; the limSpartium. bus of the corolla is divided into Bve equal and open S/>atiiJh-BKOOM, in botajiy. See Spartium. Broom-flower, ordre de la genijh, an order infli- fegments ; and the capfule is unilocular. among dyers, painters, a dofley colour* titfed by St Louis, king of France, to Ihew the efteem BROWN, towards rednefs. Of this colour there are which he had for the queen his wife, who, the.even- inclining (hades or degrees, didinguiflied by different; ing befbre his queen’s coronation, received this order various appellations; for indance, SpaniIRbrown, a fadhimfelf. brown, a tawney-brown, the London brown, a cloveBroom-rape, in botany. See Orobanche. fyc. BROOMING, or Breaming, of a Jhip, the v/afliing brown, Spanilh-brown is a dark dull red, of a horfe-flefli and burning off all the filth that (he has contracted on colour. is an earth, and is of great ufe among her fides with weeds, draw, broom, or the like, when painters, Itbeing ufed as the Ard and priming die is on the careen, or on the ground. See Ca- colour that theygenerally lay upon any kind of timber-work reening. in houfe-painting. That which is of the deeped coBROTHEL. See Stews. lour, and freed from dones, is the bed. Though BROTHER, a term of relation between male children, this of a dirty brown colour, yet it is much ufed,. fprung from the fame parents, or from the fame fa- not tois colour any garment, unlefs it be an oldgown; man’s ther., or the dune, mother.