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 AGRICULTURE. 55 furrow, fo as to form the furrow-fide into a {harp before the point of the Took, and upon a line with the the edge. It is obvious, that this fock will meet with left fide of the head. This oblique pofition enables it lefs than the common one, will raife the earth 10 throw roots, <bc. out of the land, which requires lefs of therefiftance furrow wholly from the left fide, and turn it as it force than cutting or puihing them forward. The Wrest, fig. 7. B D, is fixed to the head, and is raifed. remedy the defedt 'arifing from the {heath, it {hould is about 26 inches long, two broad, and one thick. It be To brought a little nearer the larger handle, and another is fixed to the head at B, in fuch a manner as to make {heath be fixed a little before it, to the left or the angle contained between the lines A B and B D land-fide{hould of the head and beam ; to this {heath the moldabout 2J degrees. The wreft is feldom or never placed board {hould If this be done, the earth of in the lame plane with the head, but gradually raifed the furrow, asbeit fixed. is raifed, will be refifted by the moldfrom the place where it is fixed to it; that is, from B board only, and wholly turned to the right. to K, as in fig. 8. The pofition of the wreft determines The Bridle, or Muzzle, article belongthe nature of the furrow. When the wreft is wide and to the plough. It is fixed tois another the end of the beam, low fet, the furrow is wide; and when it is narrow and ing and the cattle are yoked by it. The muzzle commonly high fet, the furrow is narrow. Fig. 9. reprefents the two Handles, fixed together ufed is a curved piece of iron, fixed to the beam by a by the two rungs. The larger handle has been already bolt through it. In fig. 12. ABC is the muzzle, A C defcribed; the Idler one is a few inches Ihorter, and the bolt by which it is fixed to the beam; D is the does not require to be quite fo ftrong. The diftance of fwingle-tree, or crofs-tree, to which the traces are fixthe handles at the little rung depends on the pofition of ed ; and B is a hook, or cleek, as it is commonly called, the wreft. Their diftance at M and P is about two feet which joins the muzzle and fwingle-tree. fix inches. The lefler handle is fixed to the mold-board Someufe another kind of muzzle, fig. 13. A B C D. It is fixed to the beam by two bolts, and has notches by at M, fig 10. and to the wreft K B, at L. Fig. ir. reprefents the plough complete, by joining which the cleek of the fwingle-tree may be fixed either together figures 6. and 10. in the Iheath E B. The wreft to the right or the left of the beam. There are alfo difB K is fuppofed to make an angle with the head A B, ferent holes for the hind-bolt to pafs through, by which as in fig. 7.. and the handles joined together, as in fig. 9. the draught may be fixed either above or below the beam. After having given fuch a particular defcription of all A D is the fore-bolt upon which the muzzle turns ; on the parts and proportions of the Scots plough, it will ea- B C are four notches, betwixt any two of which the fily appear how it feparates, raifes, and turns over the cleek of the fwingle-tree may be fixed. When the cleek earth of the furrow. If it had no coulter, the earth is fixed at B, the plough is turned towards the firm land, would open above the middle of the fock, and in a liae and takes off a broader furrow; and' when fixed at C, before the fheath; but as the coulter opens the earth in it is turned towards the ploughed land, and takes off a a line with the left fide of the head, if the foil has any narrower furroty. E and F are the holes on each fide cohefion, the earth of the furrow will be wholly raifed through which the hindmoft bolt paffes. When the bolt from the left fide, and as the fock moves forward, will is put through the higheft two, thefe holes being thereby be throwrt on the right fide of the ftieath, and by the brought to the middle of the beam, the fore-part of the calling out of the mold-board, or the raifing of the wreft, muzzle is raifed above the. beam, and the plough is made will be. turned over. to go deeper; and when put through the loweft two, the This plough, though the beft general one, is not alto- fore-part of the muzzle is funk below the beam, and the gether perfedt. As the fock is high in the middle, and plough is made to go ftiallower. This muzzle may be fo round on the fides, and as the point of it is in a line conftrufted as to have the fame play with the common with the middle of the head, a great force is necefiary one. Fig. 16. A is the end of the beam; B a plate of ■to raife the earth of the furrow. Befides, as the {heath iron funk into it, and, with a fimilar one in the other fide, is nearly in a line with the point of the fock, and to the is rivetted into it by bolts; C is the muzzle fixed to right of the lefr fide of the head, the earth of the fur- thefe plates of iron by the bolt D, which bolt may be row, as it is raifed, muft ftrike againft the {heath, and a put through any of the holes E E. From the conftrucpart of it, inftead of being turned wholly to the right, tion of this muzzle it is plain, that it has the fame play will fall to the left fide. Thefe defedts make the plough with the common one, and that by it the land of the heavy to draw; and, befides, this pofition of the {heath plough may be altered at pleafure. renders the Scots plough improper for hoeing, as the earth that falls to the left buries the young plants in the Of the Plough with the curved Mold-board. rows. To remedy the defedls arifing from the fock, it fiiould The mold-board of the Scots plough is not quite be made ftraight on the land-fide, fo as to be in a line ftraight, but is call out above, and more and more fo as v/ith the land or left fide of the head; and ftraight alfo it approaches handle. below, fo as to be in a line with the under fide of the Ploughs withthea leffer curved mold-board commonly have no head, {loping on the furrow or left fide; and likewife on wreft, the mold-board for both. The underthe upper fide from the point, fo as to make it, at the pa,t of it, which ferves ferving of the wreft, becomes root, about feven inches broad, and three inches, thick ; parallel to the plane of intheplace head it approaches the at the fame time flcping all the way from the land to handle; and fometimes, after aliasas paffed the handle.