Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/759

 BOX Tig. 3. a, Gluma, anoth ;r fpecles of calix, beleftging chiefly to graffes and corns, and confifts of different valves; b, arijia, or awn. 4. a a, Umbella univerfalis, comprehends the whole flowers, &c. arifing from a common centre, and refembling a large fan, b, Umbella partialis, or a fnaaller parcel of the flowers, &c. refembling a fmall fan. c c, Involucrum univerfale, a fpecies of calix in which the whole flowers were inclofed before their blowing, d d, Involucrum partiale, a lefler calix, which includes a fmaller bundle of flowers, and which, before their blowing, is inclofed in the involucrum univerfale. Examples of thefe are found in the hemlock, carrot, 6r. 5. c, Calyptra; b, operculum; a, capitulum. Thefe terms are peculiar to mofles. 6. Amentum, a fpecies of calix, e. g. in the willow, birch-tree, (sc. 7. Strobilus, a pericarpium or capfule compofed of an amentum, an example of which occurs in the magnolia. 8. Fungi, a, Pileus; b, voha ; c, Jhpes. Thefe two are moitly applied to the parts of mufhrooms. 9. a, Receptaculum commune nudum, the Common receptacle, or bafe of the flower, when the llamina, piflil, capfule, (sc. are taken off. 10. Receptaculum commune paleis imbricalum, or common receptacle imbricated or tiled with paleae, or membranaceous lamellae. ix. Corollee mompetalec, a, Tubus; b, limbus', i. e. a, the tube; b, the edge or margin of a monopetalous corolla. The corolla fignifies the flower-leaf, when it Confifts but of one, and the whole flowerleaves, when it confifts of more. 12. Is a flower laid in a proper pofition for {hewing its different parts, a, Germen, which includes the feeds and capfule in which they are inclofed ; b, Jlylus, which is a continuation of the germen ; c, Jligma, or top of the ftylus; d d d d d d, filamenta, or threads; e e e e e, anther*. The filamenta and antheras, confidered as a whole, are called Jlamina; and the germen, ftylus, and ftigma, as a whole, are called piJlillum. tiiif, Petala, or flower-leaves.' 13. a, The ungues, or claws; b, the lamina, or plates of a polypetaious corolla, or corolla confifting of feveral flower-leaves. 14. a, NeAarsum campanulatum in narcijfa, or bellfnaped nedtarium of the narciffus. Nedarium is applied to every glandular part of a flower which fecerns a fvveet juice. Their ftrudure is very different in different plants. ij. Neftaria cornuta in aconita, horned nedaria of the monkfhood. x6. Horned neftarium in the calix of the tropceolus. 17. a a a a, Neftarium in pamajjia; the nedaria of the parnaflia grafs are fix in number, each of which have thirteen ftyli, with round buttons on their tops. 18. a, Perianthium, that fpecies of calix which is .contiguous to the frudification; b, germen; c, Jlylus; d, Jligma: e e, filamenta ; f f, anther* dehifcentes, or antheras fhedding the pollen or duft; g, anthera Vol. I. No. 28. 3

A N Y. -63.7 Fig-Integra, i. e. the appearance of the- anthera befcrs it fheds the pollen. 19. a, The filament, and b, the anthera, feparated from the flower. 20. a, One grain of the pollen magnified by a microfcope ; b, halitus elajlicus, i. e. an elaftic aura fuppofed to be necefiary for impregnating the feeds. 21. a, Germen; b, Jlylus z z, Jligma. 22. Folliculus, i. e. a pericarpium confifting only of one valve, opening longitudinally, and in which the feeds do not adhere to the future, but are inclofed in a particular receptacle a. 23. Lsgurnen, is a double-valved pericarpium, having the feeds fixed only to one of the futures a a. 24. Siliqua, is a double-valved pericarpium with the feeds fixed to both futures or margins a b. 25. Potnum, a pericarpium without any valve, but made up of a pulpy fubftance, and containing a capfule in which the feeds are inclofed, as in the apple, <Gc. a, The pericarpium ; b, the capfule, or feed- cafe. 26. a, Drupa, or a pericarpium containing a nut or ftone, and having no valve, e.g. plumbs,'b, the nucleus, or ftone. 27. Bacca, or berry, is a pericarpium containing naked feeds difperfed through the pulpy part. 28. Capfula apice dehifcens, a capfule opening at the top to allow the feeds to fall out. 29. Four capfules included in a common pericarpium. a a, Tlte valves; b b, the diffepimentum, or partition which feparates the different feed-capfules from one another; c, columella, or central column by which the capfules are cdnnefted. 30. A-capfule cut open longitudinally, to ftiow the receptacle of the feeds. 31. Pappus, a kind of corona or crown which is either hairy or penniform, and connected to the feeds of fome plants, by means .of which they are blown about by the wind, a. Pappus pilofus, or pappus refembling a hair; b, pappus plumofis, ox feathered pappus ; c, femen ; d, Jlipes. The dandelion, and many plants of the fyngenefia clafs, afford examples of thefe parts. Terms .belonging to the Pedunculus or Foot-Jialks of Flowers. 32. Corymlus, i. e. flowers upon alternate pedunculi and foot-ftalks, elevated proportionally above each other. 33. Racemus, a pedunculus or foot ftalk furnifhed with lateral branches. 34. Spica, alternate feflile flowers [i. e. flowers without any particular foct-ftalk, but inferted directly into one common to the whole], upon a common footftalk, as in the fcirpus. 35. Verticillus. This term is applied to fuch plants as have clufters of flowers at different diftances furrounding the caulis or ftem ; as in feveral fpecies of mint. 36. Panicula, i. e. flowers placed fparfely upon feparate foot-ftalks, as rn oats, (sc. When thefe terms are underftood, the genus may he eafily inveftigated. But in order ftill further to affift the young botanift, we fhall give a fyftematic defcription of a few common plants belonging to different claffts. 7X DIAN-