Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/749

 629 B O T ANY. With regard to the other kinds of grafs, the feeds of them Primus padus, wild clufter-cherry, or bird’s-cherry, grows in woods and hedges. Some people cat the bermay be fafely ufed as food; but fome of them are fo fmall, that a fuflicient quantity cannot eafily be colledted. ries with fait. Campanula, or bell-flower. Nine or ten fpecies of Prunus fpinofa, the black-thorn, or (loe-tree, grows in bell-flower grow in Britain. Both the roots and leaves, hedges and woods. The berries are very auftere.; but leaves are tender, and, when gently toafted, may be when boiled, efpecially before the Italk grows up, may be the ufed in place of tea, ufed. Chenopodium bonus henricus, common Englifli mer- Prunus cerafus, or black-cherry, grows Jikewife in cury, or all-good, grows almoft every where. This plant woods and hedges. The berries are eat both in a crude is ufeddn broth by the country-people, in place of cabbage and dried (late. When this plant is wounded, a gum or other pot-herbs When the young leaves and (talks exfudes from it nearly of the fame quality with gumDr Haffelquift informs us, that above loo.men, are drefled with butter, they are not inferior, in their arabic. when befieged in an Egyptian town, were preferved alive flavour and nutritive power, to afparagus or fpinage. Eryngium maritimum, fea-holly, or eryngo,..gene- for more than two months, without any other fuftenance rally grows near the fea-lhore. The young twigs, pre- than they derived from the ufe of this gum. pared as afparagus, are grateful to the tafte, very nou- Cratsegus aria, or the white bean-tree, grows in woods. The berries are eat by the peafants ; and in Sweden they rifhing, and give vigour to the body. Daucus carota, wild carrot, or bird’s-neft, grows in are prepared and ufed, as bread when there is a fcarcity of every field. It is the fame fpecies with the.carrot culti- corn. Crataegus oxycantha, the white thorn, or hawthorn, vated in gardens, and is equally nourifliing. Heracleum fphondylium, or cow-parfnip. The inha- grows every where in woods and hedges. The berries, bitants of Poland and Lithuania make a fermented liquor when dried and grinded, are fometimes made into bread; of the feeds and leaves, which the poorer fort ufe as ale. but it is apt to bind the belly too much. The inhabitants of Camfcatka eat the (talks, after peel- Sorbus aucuparia, the quicken-tree, or mountain-afh, grows in woods. Very good cyder is made of the bering off the bark. Carum carvi, or caraways, grows, in meadows and ries: and, when dried, they make very wholefome bread. pafture-grounds. The young roots of this plant are Rofa canina, red-flowered dog’s-rofe, or hip-tree, more agreeable to the tafte than the parfnip, and there- grows in hedges. The berries afford excellent nourilhfore might be of great fervice to the poor in a dearth of ment, and may ejther be eat in a crude (late, or dried and made into bread. provifions. Convallaria polygonatum, or fweet-fmelling Solomon’s- Spiraea filipendula, or drop-wort, grows in pafturefeal, grows in the cliffs of rocks. The roots are made grounds and the (ides of hills. The roots of this plant, into bread, and eat by the inhabitants of Lapland, when which are compofed of fmall tubercles like peafe, whep corn is fcarce. The Turks ufe the young ftalks as afpa- dried and grinded, make tolerably good bread. ragus. Ranunculus ficaria, pile-wort, or leffer celadine, grows Bunium bulbocaftanum, earth-nut, kipper-nut, pig- in pafture-grounds, fac. The Norwegians collect the nut, or hawk-nut, grows plentifully on lea-grounds, the leaves in the fpring, and ufe them in broth. banks of rivers, fides of hills, drc. The roots are very Origanum vulgare, or wild marjoram, grows in hedges fweet, afford excellent nourifhment, and may be eat ei- and among brulh-wood. The leaves of this plant, when ther raw, boiled, or roafted. toafted, and infufed in boiling water, have fuch a refemVaccinium uliginofum, the great bilberry-bufh, grows blance to tea, that it is difficult to make a diftin&ion. upon high grounds. The berries are much eat by chil- As tea is fo unfverfally ufed in diet, it is much to be redren; but when taken in too great quantity, are. apt to gretted that the ladies cannot be prevailed upon to prefer occafion a giddinefs and headach. this or fome other of our own plants, and thereby faye Vaccinium myrtyllis, black whorts, whortle-berries. fome millions ft'erlin^'annually to their country. or bilberries, grows in woods. The berries have a fine Stachys paluftris, or clown’s all-heal, grows in njarflies flavour, and may be eat with fafety. and the banks of rivers. The roots are fucculent, and Vaccinium vitis idea, red whorts, or whortle-berries, may be ufed either boiled, or dried and made into bread. grows^on hills. The berries are eat in the autumn, and Melampyrum arvenfe, or purple cow-wheat, grows in many people make an excellent jelly of them. corn-fields. Bread is fometimes made of the feeds; but Polygonum viviparum, fmall biftort, or fnake-weed, it is a little bitter. grows upon high grounds. The roots may be prepared Sinapis arvenfis, wild muftard, or charlock, grows into bread. In Lapland and the northern parts of Eu- plentifully in corn-fields, &C. The leaves of this plant rope, it is principally eat along with the flefli of (lags are often ufed in broth. Crambe maritima, or fea-colewort, grows in fandy and other wild animals. Spergula arvenfis, or corn-fpurrey, grows in corn- ground near the fea-lhore. The leaves, when young and fields, efpecially in fandy foils. 'In Norway, they col- tender, may be ufed in place of cabbage; but when too -ledt the feeds of this plant, and make them into bread. old, are apt to make the head giddy. Sedum rUpeftre, or St Vincent’s rock (lone-crop, grows Malva rotundifolia, or dwarf-mallow, and malva fylon high grounds. The Swifs cultivate this plant, and veftfis, or common mallow, are every where to be met vita. The leaves of both thefe plants may be ufed inbrotb. ufe it as a pot-herb. 7U Orobus Vox.. 1. Numb. 27. 3