Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/741

 BOO ( '62 i ) BOO Bookfellers are in many places ranked among the members of uriiverfities, and entitled to the privilege Addendum to the article Book. of ftudents, as at Tubingen, Salifburg, and Paris, • All foreign boupd books pay duty on importation where they have always been diftinguifhed from the 14s. for every ualb. As to unbound books, they vulgar and mechanical traders, and exempted from diare commonly entered by the hundred weight, and vers taxes and impofitions laid upon other companies. The traffic of books was anciently very inconfiderpay, if French, 13 s. d- but if from any other country, only 7s. y-j-^d. It is alfo to be ob- able, in fo much, that the book-merchants of England^ ferved, that all popilh books are prohibited to be im- France, and Spain, and other countries, were diftinported ; as are all Englifh books printed abroad, un • guifhed by the appellation of flattoners, as having no lefs with the confent of the proprietor of the copy. (hops, but only flails and (lands in the ftreets. During this (late, the civil magiftrates took’ little notice Common-place-^ooK. See Common -place-book. of the bookfellers, leaving the government of them to T«t/-Book. See Text. Book binding. The art of gathering and fewing together the univerfities, to whom they w'ere fuppofed'more imthe (beets of a book, and covering it with a back, tec. mediate retainers ; who accordingly gave them laws It is performed thus : The leaves are firfl: folded with and regulations, fixed prices on their books, examined a folding-ftick, and laid over each other in the order their corredlnefs, and puniffied them at diferetion. But when, by the invention of printing, books and of the fignature; then beaten on a (tone with a hammer, to mike them fmooth and open well, and after- bookfellers began to multiply, it became a matter of wards prefled. They are fewed upon bands, which more confequence, and the fovereigns took the direcare pieces of cord or packthread; fix bands to a folio tion of them into their own hands ; giving them new book, five to a quarto; odtavo, he. which is done by ftatutes, appointing officers to fix prices, and granting drawing a thread through the middle of .each fheet, licences, privileges, foe. and giving it a turn round each band, beginning with BOOKING, among merchants, the making an entry of the firft, and proceeding to the laA. After this the any thing in a Journal. See Book-keeping. books are glued, and the bands opened and feraped, BOOM, in the fea-language, a long piece of timber with for the better fixing the palleboards; the back is which the clew of the ftudding-fail is fpread out; and turned with a hammer, and the book fixed in a prefs fbmetimes the boom is ufed to fpread or boom out the between two boards, in order to make a groove for clew of the mainmaft. fixing the palteboards; thefe being applied, holes are Boom-fpars, imported from the Britifh plantations, made for fixing them to the book, which is prefled a are free; if from Ireland, Afia, or Africa, they pay third time. Then the book is at laft put to the cut- 6s. jd. the hundred; and if from elfewhere, 9s. 6^d. ting prefs, betwixt two boards, the one lying even Boom denotes alfo a cable ftretched athwart the mouth with the p'refs, for the knife to run upon, the other of a river or harbour; with yards, topmafts, battling above it, for the knife to run againft: After which or fpars of wood lafhed to it, to prevent an enemy’s the pafte-boards are fquared. coming in. The next operation is the fprinkling the leaves of BOOMING, among failors, denotes the application- of the book, which is done by dipping a brufh into ver- a boom to the fails. milion and fap-green, holding the brufh in one hand, A fhip is faid to come booming forwards, when fhe and fpreading the hair with the other; by which mo- comes with all the fail fhe can make. tion the edges of the leaves are fprinkled in a regular BOOPHTHALMUS, a kind of agat with large circles manner, without any fpots being bigger than the o- in it, bearing fome refemblance to an ox’s eye, from thers. has got this name. Then remains the covers, which are either of calf- whence init zoology, the trivial name of a fpecies of fkin, or of (heep-fkin ; thefe being moiflened in wa- BOOPS, balsena. See Bal^ena. ter, are cut out to the fize of the book, then fmeared BOOT, a well known cover for the# leg, made of leaover with pafte made of wheat flour, and afterwards ther. ftretched oyer the pafteboard on the outfide, and Boot tree, or BooT-/afl, an inftrument ufed by fhoedoubled over the edges withinfide ; after having firfl: makers to widen the leg of a boot. It is a wooden taken off the four angles, and indented and platted the cylinder flit into two parts, between which, when it is cover at the head-band: which dope, the book is co- put into the boot, they drive by main force a wedge vered, and bound firmly between two bands, and then or quoin. fet to dry Afterwards it is waflied over with a little BOOTES, a conftellation of the northern hemifphere, pafte and water, and then fprinkled fine with a brufh, confifting of 23 liars, according to Ptolemy’s cataunlefs it fhould be marbled; when the fpots are to be logue, of 18 in Tycho’s, of 34 in Bayer’s, of £2 in made larger, by mixing the ink with vitriol. After and of 54 in Mr Flamftead’s catalogue. this the book is glazed twice with the white of an Helvelius’s, See Astronomy, p. 486. egg beaten, and at lafl polifhed with a polifhing.-iron BOOTY, whatever is taken from an enemy in time of palled hot over the glazed cover. war. BOOKSELLER, one who trades in books, whether he BOPPART, a town of the electorate of Triers, fituated prints them hinjfelf* or gives them to be printed by on the weft fhore of the Rhine, about eight miles fouth others. of Coblentz : E. long. 70 io', N. lat. 50° so'. Vol. I. No. 26. 3 7S BOQUE-