Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/682

 place, by porting troops at all the avenues leading to it, to keep supplies of men and proviions from getting into it; and by thee means propoing to tarve it out, without making any regular attacks.

To raie a blockade, is to force the troops that keep the place blocked u£, from their ports.

BLOIS, a beautiful city of Orleanois, about 30 miles outh-wet of Orleans; ituated on the north hore of the river Loire, in one of the finet countries in France; in 1° 20′ E. long, and 47° 35′ N. lat.

BLOMARY, or  in metallurgy, the firt forge through which iron paes, after it is melted out of the ore.

BLONIC, a town of Poland, about 200 miles wet of Waraw; in 20° 30′ E. long, and 520. N. lat.

BLOOD, a well known fluid, which circulates through the arteries, veins, &c. of animal-bodies, and nourihes all their parts.

Blood is compoed of a thin watery liquor called erum, and a thick red part called craamentum, which, when viewed by the microcope, appears to conit of red globules of a certain determined magnitude. Thee globules are generally believed to be of the ame magnitude in all animals that have red blood.

As blood is originally derived from our aliment, it mut conit of the ame principles, and conequently abound with alts and oils. The alts of the blood of are partly of the fixed neutral kind, and partly uch as are rendered emi-volatile by the heat and motion to which they are ubjected: Both irritate the enible nervous parts of animals; for it is well-known that any kind of alt applied to the eye gives great uneaines. From thee qualities of blood the late learned and celebrated Dr Whytt concluded that it mut be well fitted to communicate a gentle timulus to thoe enible nerves which terminate on the internal urface of the auricles and ventricles of the heart; and conequently that the contraction of the heart is principally owing to caue. The diameter of a red globule is computed to be about $1⁄200$ part an inch. See ; and for the analyis of blood, ee.

Authors are not agreed in regard to the quantity of blood contained in the human body; ome making it only 10 pounds, whilt others, make it to be 20, 60, or even 100 pounds: But then thee lat comprehend the juices of the lymphatic veels under the term blood. As to the quantity of current blood in a hore, the ingenious Dr Hales found it be, at a low computation, 1105 cubic inches, or 42.2 pounds.

Spitting of See  and.

Ebullition of the, a dieae in hores, which proceeds from want of exercie, and gives rie to outward wellings, frequently mitaken for the farcin.

running itch happens to a hore by the blood's being over-heated by hard riding or other labour. As the blood gets between the kin and the fleh, it makes a hore rub and bite himelf, and if neglected will turn to a grievous mange.

of Chrit, the name of a military order intituted at Mantua in 1608. The number of knights was retricted to twenty, beides the grand mater. Their device was, Domine probati inc, or, Nihil hoc, trite, recepte.

of Chrit is alo the name of a congregation of nuns at Paris.

Dragon's See

-nake. See.

-tone. See.

-wit, a mulct or fine for hedding of blood.

-wort, in botany. See

flux. See, and.

BLOOM, a mas of iron after having undergone the firt hammering, called blomary. See

BLOSSOM denotes the flowers of plants, but more epecially of fruit-trees.

, or, in the menage, a term applied to a hore that has his hair white, but intermixed all over with orrel and bay hairs. Such hores are o inenible and hard both in the mouth and the flanks, that they are carce valued; beides, they are apt to turn blind.

BLOW, in law, any kind of troke, whether given with the hand or a weapon. See.

-pipe, or pipe, a hollow tube, ued by everal artificers; as enamellers, glas-makers, &c.

BLOWING, in a general ene, denotes an agitation of the air, whether performed with a pair of bellows, the mouth, a tube, or the like.

of glas, one of the methods of forming the divers kinds of works in the glas-manufacture. See.

It is performed by dipping the point of an iron blowing-pipe in the melted glas, and blowing through it with the mouth, according to the circumtances of the glas to be blown.

of tin denotes the melting its ore, after being firt burnt to detroy the mundic.

, among gardeners, the ame with the blooming of plants, or putting forth their flower-leaves.

BLUBBER denotes the fat of whales and other large ea-animals, whereof is made train-oil.

BLUE, otherwie called azure, is one of the primitive colours of the rays of light. See

Painters is made different according to the different kinds of painting. In limning, freco, and miniature, they ue indifferently ultramarine, blue-ahes, and malt: Thee are their natural blues, excepting the lat, which is partly natural, and partly artificial.

In oil and miniature, they alo ue indigo prepared; as alo a fictitious ultramarine. See and.

Enamellers, and painters upon glas, have alo blues proper to themelves, each preparing them after their own manner.

Turnole is ued in painting on wood, and is made of the eed of the turnole: The way of preparing it is, to boil four ounces of turnole in a pint and half of water in which lime has been flacked.

Flanders is a colour bordering on green, and eldom ued but in landkips.