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 BAT ( 529 ) BAT Artificial baths are various, according to the various place where they are at rooft ; for upon beating them up, they fly to the flame, where being amazed, they occafions ; as aqueous baths, vaporous baths, dry baths, are eafily caught in nets, or beat down with bullies 4sc. Aqueous baths are made from common plants, and other emollient, refolvent, and nervine fubftances ; fixed to the end of poles, <bc. B ATENBOURG, a town of the United Provinces, fitu- confiding fometimesof milk and emollient herbs, with ated upon the Maefe, between Ravenftein andMegen. rofe-water, fee. when the defign is to humedate, or BATH, a fufficient quantity of water collected in fome when it is only to cleanfe, icconfifts of bran and water convenient receptacle, for people to wafh in, either for alone ; and when it is for an exceflive pain or tumour, fee. in thefe cafes it confifts of a decodion of roots, health or pleafure. Baths are diftinguilhed into natural and artificial, plants, and fome fpirit of wine. In vapour-baths, the defign of which is to promote and natural again into hot and cold. The chief hot baths in our country are thofe at Bath, near Wells, in a perfpiration, the fleam or fume of fome decodion is Somenetlhire; and thofe at Buxton and Matlock in received upon fome part of the body for that purpofe. In thefe baths there is no part of the patient’s body Derbyfliire. In the city of Bath are four hot baths : one trian- plunged into the decodion, only thofe parts which regular, called the crofs bath, the heat of which is niore quire it are.properly difpofed to receive the fleams of gentle than that of the reft, becaufe it has fewer fprings fome proper fomentation. Of this kind are the bagin it; the fecond is the hot bath, which was formerly nios, where perfons are made to fweat by the heat of much hotter than the reft, but it was then not fo a room, and pouring on of hot water. Vapour-baths are of lingular fervice in cold diftemlarge as at prefent: the other two are the King’s and Queen’s Bath, divided only by a wall; the laft having pers, anafarca’s, oedematous tumours, paralytic cafes, no fpring, but receives its water from the King’s Bath : fwellings of the tefticles, fee. Dry baths are made of alhes, fait, fand, Ihreds of each of is furnifhed with a pump, to throw out leather, fee. This bath is fuccefsful in provoking the water upon the difeafed, where that is required. Thefe waters abound with a mineral fulphur; they fweat in a plentiful manner, the patient being placed are hot, of a bluifli colour, and ftrong fcent; they do conveniently for the reception of the fumes : They are not pafs through the body like moft other mineral wa- found ufeful in removing old obftinate pains, and are ters ; though if fait be added, they purge prefently. very effedual in venereal xomnlaints. On fettlements, they afford a black mud, which is ufed Bath, in Hebrew antiquity, a meafure of capacity, by way of cataplafm in aches, and proves of more fer- containing the tenth part of an omer, or feven gallons vice to fome than the waters themfelves: The like and four pints, as a meafure for things liquid; or three they depofite on diftillation, and ho other: The crofs- pecks and three pints, as a meafure for things dry. bath preys on filver, all of them on iron, but none on Baths, in architedure, fuperb buildings, ereded for the fake of bathing. brafs. Thofe buildings, among the ancients, were moft The ufe of thefe baths is found beneficial in diforders of the head, as palfies, fcc. in cuticular difeafes, pompous and magnificent; Inch were thofe of Titus, as leprofies, fac. Obftrudtions, and conftipations of the Paulus dEmilius, and Dioclefian, whofe ruins are ftill bowels, the fcurvy and ftone, and in moft difeafes of remaining. women and children; they are ufed as a laft remedy Bath, in geography, a city of Somerfetfhire, fituated 0 in obftinate chronic difeafes, where they fucceed well, on the river Avon, ten miles eaft of Briftol, in 2 30^ W. long, and 51° 3c/ N. lat. if they agree with the conftitution of the patient. Of the three hot European waters of note, viz. Aix- Bath is alfo the name of a town in Hungary, in 20° 4c/ la-Chapelle, Bourbon, and Bath, the firft abounds E. long, and 46° N. lat. more eminently in fulphur, which makes its heat, nau- Knights of the Bath, a military order in England, fupfeoufnefs, and purgative faculty fo great, that few fto- pofed to have been inllituted by Richard II. who limited their number to four: However, his fucceffor, machs can bear it. The Bpurbon are of a middle nature, between the Henry IV. increafed them to forty-fix. Their motto Aix-la-Chapelle and the Bath waters ; being lefs hot, was tres in uno, fignifying the three theological virtues. naufeous, and purgative than thofe of Aix-la-Chapelle; This order received this denomination from a cubut more fo than the Bath waters. ftom of bathing, before they received the golden fpur. Cold baths were by the ancients held in the greateft It is feldom ever conferred but at the coronation of efteem; and though they were long baniftied out of kings, or the inauguration of a prince of Wales or medicine, the prefent age can boaft of abundance of Duke of York. They wear a red ribbon belt wife. noble cures performed by them, and fuch as were long The order of the bath, after remaining many years attempted in vain1 by the moft powerful medicines. extind, was revived under George I. by a folemn The cold bath" isyferviceable in moft chronic difor- creation of a great number of knights. ders; it always ads the part of a diuretic ; and will Bath-/W, the daughter of a voice. So the Jews call do more, efpecially plunging over head in fea-water/ one of their oracles, which is frequently mentioned in in the cure, of melancholy, madnefs, and particularly their books, efpecially the Talmud, being a fantaftical that occafined by the bite of a mad dog, than any way of divination invented by the Jews themfelves, other medicine. not unlike thefortes virgiliana of the heathens. HowVan. I. No. 23. 3 6S ever.