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 BAS ( 528 ) BAT t-ceded, inafmuch as the ledtica was borne on mens Baston, osBatpon, in heraldry, a kind of bend, haihoulders, whereas this was drawn by beafts. ving only one third of the ufual breadth. BAS1IA, the chief city of the ifland of CorGca. It is The bafton does not go from fide to fide, as the a good port, fituated on the north-eaff part of the ifland, bend or fcarf does, being in the form of a truncheon. in 9° 40' E long, and 420 20 N. lat. Its ufe is a note or mark of baftardy. See Plate LI. BAS JTLE, a caftle for ftate prifoners in Paris, anfwer- fig. 9. ing to the Tower of London. BASTONADE, or Bastinado, a kind of puniftiment BASTIMENTOS, fmall iflands on the coaft of Darien, inflicted -by beating the offender with a flick. This in South America, lying a little to the eaftward of fort of beating, among the ancient Greeks and RoPorto Bello. mans, was the puniftiment commonly inflicted on criB ASTION, in the modern fortification, a huge mafs of minals that were freemen, as that of whipping was on earth, faced ufually with fods, fometimes with brick, the flaves. We find fome inftances of this fort of difand rarely with ftone, Handing out from a rampart, cipline among the Hebrews; and it is a penalty ufed in whereof it is a principal pa/t, and is what, in the an- the eaft even at this day. cient fortification, was called a bulwark. See Forti- BAT, in zoology. See Vespertilio. Bat, Bate, oeBatz, a fmall copper coin, mixed with fication. Solid Bastions are thofe that have the void fpace with- a little filver, current in feveral cities of Germany: in them filled up entirely, and raifed of an equal height it is worth four crutzers. It is alfo a coin in Switzerland, current at five livres, or one hundred fols, French with the rampart. Void and hollow Bastions are thofe that are only fur- money. rounded with a rampart and parapet, having the fpace EATABLE ground, that land which lay between Scotwithin void and empty, where the ground is fo low, land and England, when the kingdoms were'diltinCt, that if the rampart be taken, no retrenchment can be to which b6th nations pretended a righi^ made in the centre, but what will lie under the fire of BATACALO, a fort and town on the eaftern coaft of the ifland of Ceylon, in 8i° E. long, and 8° N. lat. the befieged. Flat Bastion, is a baftion built in the middle of the BATAVIA, the capital of all the Dutch colonies and curtain, when it is too long to be defended by the fettlements in the Eaft Indies. It is fituated on the .eaft part of the ifland of Java, and has an excellent baflion at its extremes. Cut' Bastion is that whofe point is cut off, and inftead harbour, in 106° E. long, and 6° S. lat. thereof has a re-entering angle, or an angle inwards BATCHELOR, or Bachelor, a man who ftill conwith two points outwards, and is ufed either when tinues in the ftate of celibacy, or who was never marwithout fuch a contrivance the angle would be too ried. acute, or when water or fome other impediment hin- Batch el or was anciently a denomination given to thofe ■ who had attained to knighthood, but had not a numders the carrying on the baflion to its full extent. Compofed Bastion is when two fides of the interior po- ber of vaffals fufficient to have their banner carried belygon are very unequal, which makes the gorges alfo fore them in the field of battle; or, if they were not of the order of bannerets, were not of age to difplay unequal. Deformed Bastion is when the irregularity of the lines tneir own banner, but obliged to march to battle unanother’s banner. It was alfo a title given to and angles makes the baftion out of ihape, as when it der wants one of its demigorges, one fide of the interior young cavaliers, who having made their firft campaign, received the military girdle accordingly. And it ferved polygon being too ftiort. Demi Bastion is compofed of one face only, and but to denominate him who had overcome another in a tournament, the firft time he ever engaged. one flank, and a demigorge. Double Bastion is that which is raifed on the plane of Knights Batchelors were fo called, as being the loweft order of knights, or inferior to bannerets. another baflion. Regular Bastion is that which has its true proportion Batchelors, in an univerfity-fenfe, are perfons that have attained to the baccalaureate, or who have taken of faces, flanks, and gorges. Bastion de France, afortrefs in the kingdomofTu- the firft degree in the liberal arts and fciences. Benis, fubjeifl to France. It is fituated about 80 miles weft fore a perfon can be admitted to this degree at Oxof the city of Tunis, in 8° E. long, and 36° 30 N. ford, it is neceffary that he ftudy there four years ; three years more may intitle him to the degree of malat. BASSTOIGNE, a town of the Netherlands, in the fter of arts; and in feven years more he may commence province0 of Luxemburg, fituated in 50 26) E. long, batchelor of divinity. At Cambridge the degrees are ufually taken much the fame as at Oxford, excepting in and yo N. lat. B ASTON, in law, one of the fervants to the warden of law and phyfic, in either of which the batchelor’s dethe Fleet prifon, who attends the king’s courts with a gree may be taken in fix years. In France, the dered ftaff, for taking into cuftody fuch as are commuted gree of batchelor of divinity is attained in five year’s by the court. He alfo attends on fuch prifoners as ftudy; that is, in two years of phiiofophy, and three of divinity. are permitted to go at large by licence. Baston, of Batoon, in architecture, a moulding in BAT-FOWLING, a method of catching birds in the night, by lighting fome draw, or torches, nearplace the the bafe of a column, called alfo a tore.