Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/630

 BARD, a poet among the ancient Gauls and Britons, who celebrated the praises of heroes, with a view to inculcate virtue, and sometimes to terminate a difference between two armies at the point of engagement. It is disputed wherein the bards differed from the druids: Some pretend that these were the priests and philosophers of the nation, and that those were only the poets and historians; but it is more probable that druid was a general word, comprehending the priests, the judges, the instructors of youth, and the bards of poets.

BARDANA, in botany. See.

BARDED, in heraldry, the same with caparisoned.

BARDELLE, in the menage, a saddle made in the form of a great saddle, but only of cloth stuffed with straw, and tied tight down with packthread, without either leather, wood, or iron. In Italy they trot their colts with such saddles.

BARDESANISTS, in church-history, Christian here tics of the second century, who maintained that the devil was a self-existent independent being; that Jesus Christ was not born of a woman, but brought his body with him from heaven; and denied the resurrection of the body,

BARDEWICK, a town in Lower Saxony in Germany, about seven miles north of Lunenburg. Is is subject to the elector of Hanover, and situated in 10° 6´ E. long. and 53° 40´ N. lat.

BARDS, Bᴀʀᴅɪ. See.

Bᴀʀᴅs, in the art of cookery, broad slices of bacon, with which pullets, capons, pigcans, &c. are sometimes covered, before they are roasted, baked, or otherwise dressed.

BARDT, a port-town of Pomerania, in Germany; it is subject to Sweden, and situated in 15° 20´ E. long. and 4° 20´ N. lat.

BAREITH, a town of Franconia in Germany, &c, in the margraviate of Culbach; in 12° 20´ E. long. and 50° N. lat

BARENTON, a town of lower Normandy in France.

BAR-FEE, a fee of twenty pence which every prisoner acquitted of felony pays to the goaler.

BARFLEUR, a town and cape of Normandy, in France, about 12 miles east of Cherburg; in 1° 15´ W. and 49° 47´ N. lat.

BARGE, in naval affairs, a boat of state and pleasure, adorned with various ornaments, having bales and tilts, and seats covered with cushions and carpets, and benches for many oars; as the lordmayor's barge, a company's barge, an admiral's barge, &c. It is also the name of a flat-bottomed vessel employed for carrying goods in a navigable river; as those upon the river Thames, called west-country barges. Bᴀʀɢᴇ, in ornithology. See.

Bᴀʀɢᴇ-couples, in architeture, a beam mortifed into another, to strengthen the building.

Bᴀʀɢᴇ-course, with bricklayers, a term used for that part of the tiling which projets over without the pricipal rafters, in all sprts of buildings, where there is either a gable or a kirkin-head. See and.

BARGEMONT. a town of Provence in France, in the diocese of Frejus.

BARILLIA, a kind of Spanith pot-ash, used in the glas-trade.

BARING of trees, in agriculture, the taking away some of the earth about the roots, that the winter-rain and snow-water may penetrate further into the roots. This is frequently practised in the-autumn.

BARJOLS, a town of Provence in France, in 6° 50´ E. long. and 43° 36´ N. lat.

BARIPICNI, or Sᴜᴏɴɪ Bᴀʀɪᴘɪᴄɴɪ, in music, signify in general any low, grave, or deep sound.

BARK, in the anatomy of plants, the exterior part of trees, corresponding to the skin of an animal. See, p 43.

Bᴀʀᴋ, or Jᴜsᴜɪᴛ’s Bᴀʀᴋ, is a name given by way of eminence to the quinquina. See ,

Bᴀʀᴋ, in navigation, a little vessel with two or three triangular sails; but, according to Guillet, it is a vessel with three masts, viz, a main-mast, fore-mast and mizen-mast. It carries about two hundred tons.

BARKAN, a town of Hungary, remarkable for two victories which the Christians obtained there over the Turks, the one in 1664, and the other in 1683.

BARKARY, a tan-house, or place for keeping bark.

Bᴀʀᴋ-binding, a distemper incident to trees, cured by slitting the bark, or cutting along the grain.

Bᴀʀᴋ-galling, is when the trees are galled with thorns, &c. It is cured by binding clay on the galled places.

Bᴀʀᴋ-longue, or Bᴀʀᴄᴀ longa, a small low sharp-built, but very long vessel without a deck. It goes with sails and oars, and is very common in Spain,

BARKHAMSTEAD, a market-town in the west part of Hertfordshire, about eighteen miles welt of Hertford, in 4´ W. long. and 51° 40´ N. lat.

BARKING, a fishing town of Essex, situated on the river Thames, about eight miles east of London.

Bᴀʀᴋɪɴɢ of trees, the peeling off the rind or bark. This must be done, in our climate, in the month of May, because at that time the ap of the tree separates the bark from the wood. It would be very difficult to perform it at any other time of the year, unless the season was extremely wet and rainy, for heat and dryness are a very great hinderance to it.

BARKLEY, a market-town of Gloucestershire, about fifteen miles south-west of Gloucester, in 2° 35´ W. lon. and 51° 40´ N. lat.

BARKWAY, a market-town in Hertfordshire, under the meridian of London, and fifteen miles south of Cambridge.

BARLEDUC, the capital of the duchy of Bar. See.

BARLEMONT, a town of Hainault, in the French Netherlands, situated on the river Sambre, abour fifteen miles south of Mons, in 3° 40´ E. long. and 50° 10´ N. lat.

BARLETTA, a port-town of Barri, in the kingdom of Naples, situated on the gulf of Venice, twenty-two miles west of Barri, in 17° E. long. and 41° N. lat.

BARLEY, in botany. See. Bᴀʀʟᴇʏ