Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/628

 BAPTISMAL, something belonging to baptism; thus, we say, baptismal vow, fonts, presents, &c.

 BAPTISTS, in church-history, the name by which the Anabapabtists love to distinguish themselves. See.

 BAPTISTERY, in ecclesiastical writers, a place in which the ceremony of baptism is performed. In the ancient church, it was one of the exedræ, or buildings, distinct from the church itself, and consisted of a porch or anti-room, where the persons to be baptized made their confession of faith; and an inner room where the ceremony of baptism was performed.

 BAR, in a general sense, denotes a slender piece of wood, or iron, for keeping things close together.

Bᴀʀ, in courts of justice, an inclosure made with a strong partition of timber, where the council are placed to plead causes. It is also applied to the benches where the lawyers or advocates are seated, because anciently there was a bar to seperate the pleaders from the attorneys and others. Hence our lawyers who are called to the bar, or lincensed to plead, are termed baristers, an appellation equivalent to licentiate in other countries.

Bᴀʀ, in law, a plea of a defendant, which is said to be sufficient to destroy the plaintiff's action.

Bᴀʀ, in heraldy, an ordinary in form of the fess, but much less. It differs from the fess only in its narrowness; and in this, that the bar may be placed in any part of the field, whereas the fess is confined to a single place. See. Bar-gemel, that is a double bar, called by the French jumelles, and by the Latin writers jugariæ fasciolæ, and justitiæ bijuges, is a diminutive of the fess. See.

𝓣𝓸 Bᴀʀ 𝓪 𝓿𝓮𝓲𝓷, in farriery, is an operation perfomed upon the veins of the legs of a horse and other parts, with intent to stop the malignant humours. It is done by opening the skin above it, disengaging it, and trying it both above and below, and striking between the two ligatures.

Bᴀʀ, in music, a stroke drawn perpendicularly across the lines of a piece of music, including between each two a certain quantity or measure of time, which is various as the time of the music is either triple or common. In common time, between each two bars is included the measure of four crotchets; in triple, three. The principal use of bars is to regulate the beating of time, in a concert. See and.

Bᴀʀ, in hydrography, denotes a bank of sand, or other matter, whereby the mouth of a river is in a manner choaked up. The term bar is also used for the strong beam wherewith the entrance of an harbour is secured: This is more commonly called boom.

Bᴀʀ, Bᴀʀʀᴀ, in commerce. See.

Bᴀʀ, or Bᴀʀ-ʟᴇ-ᴅᴜᴄ, in geography, a duchy belonging to France, lying north-west of Lorrain, on both sides of the river Maese, whereof Bar-le-duc is the principal town; in 5° 15´ E. long. and 48° 40´ N. lat.

Bᴀʀ is also a town of Podolia, in Poland; situated in 28° E long. and 48° 20´ N. lat.

Bᴀʀ is also the name of two towns in France; the one is Champaign, upon the Aube; and the other in Burgundy, upon the Seine.

 BARABINSKOI, a country of Tartary, tributary to the Muscovites.

 BAR-MASTER, among miners, the person who keeps the gage, or dish, for measuring the ore.

 BAR-SHOT. See Sʜᴏᴛ.

 BARACKS, or Bᴀʀʀᴀᴄᴋs. See.

<section end="Baracks" /> <section begin="Baracoa" />BARACOA, a town on the north-east part of the island of Cuba in North America, in 76° W. long. and 21° N. lat.

<section end="Baracoa" /> <section begin="Baralipton" />BARALIPTON, among logicians, a term denoting the first indirect mode of the first figure of syllogism. A syllogism in baralipton, is when the two first proposttions are general, and the third particular, the middle term being the subject in the first proposition, and the predicate in the second.

<section end="Baralipton" /> <section begin="Barallots" />BARALLOTS, in church-history, a sect of heretics at Bologna in Italy, who had all things in common, even their wives and children. Their facility in complying with all manner of debauchery, made them get the name obedientes, compliers.

<section end="Barallots" /> <section begin="Baranca" />BARANCA, a port-town of Terra Firma, in South America; situated about 30 miles up the river Grande in 75° 30` W. long. and 11° N. lat.

<section end="Baranca" /> <section begin="Barangi" />BARANGI, officers among the Greeks of the lower empire. Cuja calls them in Latin protectores, and others give them the name of securigeri. It was their business to keep the keys of the city-gates, where the emperor resided.

<section end="Barangi" /> <section begin="Baranwahr" />BARANWAHR, a town of Lower Hungary, not far from the Danube, in 20° E. long. and 46° 20´ N. lat.

<section end="Baranwahr" /> <section begin="Barapicklet" />BARAPICKLET, bread made of fine flour, and kneaded up with barm, which makes it very light and spungy. Its form is round, about a hand-breadth.

<section end="Barapicklet" /> <section begin="Barathrum" />BARATHRUM, in antiquity, a deep dark pit at Athens, into which condemned persons were cast headlong. It had sharp spikes at the top, that no man might escape out, and others at the bottom to pierce and torment such as were cast in.

<section end="Barathrum" /> <section begin="Barb" />BARB, or Bᴀʀʙᴇ, in commerce. See.

<section end="Barb" /> <section begin="Barba" />BARBA, in botany, a word often used in composition with some other, to form the trivial names of feveral plants, as barba jovis, barba capræ, &c.

<section end="Barba" /> <section begin="Barbacan" />BARBACAN, or Bᴀʀʙɪᴄᴀɴ, an outer defence, or fortification to a city or castle, used especially as a fence to the city, or walls; also, an aperture made in the wall of fortress, to fire through upon the enemy.

Bᴀʀʙᴀᴄᴀɴ is also used to denote a fort at the entrance of a bridge, or the outlet of a city, having a double wall with towers.

<section end="Barbacan" /> <section begin="Barbalia" />BARBALIA, in botany, a genus of the didynamia angiospermia. The calix consists of four divisions: the <section end="Barbalia" />