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 A V E ( 5o<5 ) AUG many pater-nofters, to which the papifts afcribe a freight. Hence it is exprefied in the bills of lading, wonderful efficacy. paying fomuch freight for the faid goods, with primage AVENA, oats, in botany, a genus of the triandria di- and average accuftomed. gynia clafs. The calix has a double valve; and the AVERANCE, or Auranche, a fea-port town in Norawn on the back is contorted. The fpecies are 13, mandy, in France, fituated in i° 2c/W. long, and fix of them natives of Britain ; viz. 1. The nuda, or 48° 4c/'N. lat. mdced oats. 2. The fatua or bearded oat-grafs. AVER-CORN, that conveyed to the lord’s granary by 3. The pratenfis, or meadow oat-grafs. 4. .The pu- his tenants. befcens, or rough oat-gr&fs. 5. The elatior, or tall AVERDUPOIS, or Avoirdupois-weight, a fort oat-grafs. 6. The flavefcens, or yellow oat-grafs. of weight ufed in England, the pound whereof is made It is remarkable, that the native place of the fativa, or up of lixteen ounces. SeeWEiGHT. common oat, cultivated in our fields, is almoft totally This is the weight for the larger and coarfer commounknown. Anfon fays, that he obferved it growing dities, fuch as groceries, cheefe, wool, lead, oc. wild or fpontaneoufly in the ifland of Juan Fernan- Bakers, who live not in corporation-towns, are to make dez. But a vague obfervation from an author of that their bread by avoirdupois-weight, thofe in corporakind is not to be depended on. tions by troy weight. Apothecaries buy by avoirduAVENACEOUS, fomething belonging to, or partaking pois-weight, but fell by troy. The proportion of a of the nature of oats. pound avoirdupois to a pound troy is as 1 7 to 14. AVENAGE, in law, a certain quantity of oats paid by AVERIA, in a general fenfe, fignifies any cattle, but is . a tenant to a landlord, inftead of rent, or fome other ufed in law for oxen, or horfes of the plough. duties. Replegiare de AVERIIS. See Replegiare. AVENOR, an officer belonging to the king’s ftables, AVERNI, among ancient naturalitts, certain lakes, grotwho provides oats for the horfes. He ads by war- toes, and other places, which infedt the air with poirant from the mafter 'of the horfe. fonous fleams or vapours, called alfo mephites. AVENS, in botany. See Caryophillus. AVERRHOA, in botany, a genus of the decandria penAVENTURE, in law books, means a mifchance, cau- tagynia clafs. The calix has five leaves; the petals fing the death of a perfon without felony. are five, open at top ; and the apple or fruit is penAVENUE, in gardening, a walk planted on each fide tagonal, and divided into five cells. The Ipecies arc with trees, and leading to an houfe, garden-gate, three, all natives of India. wood, &c. and generally terminated by fome diftant AVERHOISTS, the follow'ers of Averhoes, a celebrated commentator of Ariftotle, who denied the natural objed. See Gardening. AVERAGE, in commerce, fignifies the accidents and immortality of the (bul, and yet pretended to acquiefce misfortunes which happen to {hips and their cargoes, in the Chriftian dodtrine concerning it. from the time of their loading and failing to their re AVERRUNCI, in the ancient heathen theology, an orturn and unloading; and is divided into three kinds. der of deities among the Romans, whofe peculiar office 1. The fimple or particular average, which confifts in it was to avert danger and exile. Apollo and Hercuthe extraordinary expences incurred for the ffiip alone, les are fuppofed to be of this order. or for the merchandizes alone. Such is the lofs of an- AVERS A, a town of Naples, in the province of Lavoro, chors, mafts, and rigging, occafioned by the common ac- fituated about 017 miles fouth of Capua, in 140 45' cidents at fea ; the damages which happen to merchants E. long, and 41 1 j' N. lat. by ftorm, prize, fhipwreck, wet, or rotting ; all which AYES, fome fmall iflands, belonging to the Dutch, on muft be born and paid by the thing which fuffered the the coaft of Terra Firma, in South America. damage. 2. The large and common average, being AVESNES, a little fortified town of Hainault, in the thofe expences incurred, and damages fuftained, for the French Netherlands common good and fecurity both of the merchandizes Mons, in 30 4c/ E. long, and 50° o' N. lat. and veffels, confequently to be borne by the {hip,and AUGMENT, in grammar, an accident of certain tenles cargo, and to be regulated upon the whole. Of this of Greek verbs, being either the prefixing of a fyllanumber are the goods or money given for the ranfom ble, or an increafe of the quantity of the initial vowels. of the {hip and cargo, things thrown overboard for the Augments, in mathematics. See Fluctions. fafety of the {hip, the expences of unloading for entering AUGMENTATION, in a general fenfe, is the adl of into a river or harbour, and the provifions and hire of adding or joining fomething to another with a defign the failors when the fhip is put under an embargo. to render it large. 3. The fmall averages, which are the expences for Augmentation is alfo ufed for the additament or towing and piloting the fhip out of, or into harbours, thing added. creeks, or rivers, one third of which mull be char- Augmentation was alfo the name of a court eredled ged to the fhip, and two thirds to the cargo. 27 Hen. VIII. fo called from the augmentation of the Average is more particularly ufed for a certain con- revenues of the crown, by the fupprtffion of religious Iribution that merchants make proportionably to their houfes ; and the office ftill remains, w herein there are lolfes. It alfo fignifies a fmall duty which thofe mer- many curious records, tho’ the court has been diflblved chants, who fend goods in another man’s {hip, pay to long fince. the matter for his care of them over and above the Augmentation, in heraldry, are additional charges
 * fituated about 21 miles fouth of