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 A R I T H M E T I C K. your tens, borrowing, if need be, the number of tens contained in an unit of the next fuperior denomination. Chap: HI. Subtraction. The reafon appears plain in the following operations. Subtraction is the taking a leffer number from a I. M O Nr E Y. greater,, in order to difcover their difference, or the Having, according to (10) (20) (12) (4) remainder. Rule I. placed like parts L. s. d. f. I. Suitraftion of Integers. under other, viz. far- 73 15 10 2 major, Rule I. Set figures of like place under other, r/z. things under farthjngs, 48 1 12 62 minor. units under units, tens under tens, <bc. and the greater pence under pence, be. — and in each of thefe de- 25 3 4 remainder, of the given numbers uppermoft. II. Beginning at the place of units, take the lower fi- nominations, units under gures from thofe abpve, borrowing and paying ten, as units, tens under tens, and the greater of the given need requires, and write the remainders below. numbers uppermoft, as in the magin, begin with the farExamp. I. Becaufe firailar or like things only can things, and fay, 2 from 2, and o remains; and proceed be fubtrafted, place the to the pence, faying, 6 from 10 and 4 remains; which 867 major, or minuend. numbers as directed in 4 fet down, and go on to the (hillings, faying 2 from 5 562 minor, or fubtrahend. -Rule I. viz. units under and 3 remains, and 1 from 1, and o remains; or you units, tens under tens, may fay at once, 12 from 15, and 3 remains; which 3 305- difference, or remainder, 'be. and the greateft up- being fet down, proceed to the pounds, which are intepermoff, as in the margin. gers, and fubtra<fted as fuch. Then, beginning at the place of units, fay, 2 units from In this example fay, 3 farthings from 1 farthing you 7 units, and 5 units remain ; which fet below in the cannot, but as dire&ed in •jdace of units; then 6 tens from 6 tens, and nothing re- Rule II. you fay, 3 from (10) (20) (12) mains ; wherefore fet o below, in the place of tens; 4, the number of farthings L. s. d. major. then 5 hundred from 8 hundred, and 3 hundred remain ; in 1 penny borrowed, and 708 14 which fet below, in the place of hundreds ; and you will 1 remains; which 1 added 170 17 10^ minor. find the total difference or remainder to be 305. to 1 in the major gives 2 II. Having placed the numbers, units under units, be. farthings for a remain- 429 16 remainder, as in the margin, fay, 5 units from 2 units, you der; which fet down, and 7432 cannot, but, becaufe an unit in the next fuperior proceed to the pence, faying, 1 penny borrowed and ro 2.785. place makes ten in this place, you muff borrow make 11, which from 6 you cannot, but from 12, the 1, viz. 1 ten, from thefaid next place, as direc- number of pence in 1 (hilling, and 1 remains ; which r 4647 ted in Rule II. ; which 1 ten being added to 2 added to 6 in the major gives a remainder of 7 ; which makes 12 ; then fay, 5 from 12, and 7 remains ; fet down, and go on to the (hillings ; and becaufe in fubwhich 7 fet below in the place of units ; then proceed, tradling (hillings we borrow a juft number of tens, viz. and pay the unit borrowed, either by efteeming 3, the 2 tens, or 20, work as dire&ed in Rule III.; and in the next figure in the major, to be only 2, or, which is more right-hand column fay, 1 borrowed and 7 make 8, which ufual, and the fame in effett, by adding 1 to the next from 4 you cannot, but from 14, and 6 remains; which figure in the minor, thus, 1 that you borrowed and 8 being fet down, go on to the left-hand column, and fay, make 9, from 3 you cannot, but, borrowing as before, 1 borrowed and 1 make 2, which from x you cannot, ■jou fay, 9 from 13 and 4 remains; which 4 fet below: but from 2, the number of tens in 1 pound, and nothing proceed, and fay, 1 that you borrowed and 7 make 8, remains, which o added to 1 in the major gives 1 for from 4 you cannot, but from 14, and 6 remains; which a remainder; which fet down, and proceed to the 6 fet below: go on, and fay, 1 borrowed and 2 make pounds, faying, 1 borrowed and 8 make 9, which from 3, from 7, and 4 remains; which 4 fet below. So the 8 you cannot, but from 18, be. difference or remainder is 4647. Note, Some add the number borrowed to the figure or number in the major, and then fubtradl from their H. Subtraftion of the parts of Integers; fuch as Shil- fum. Thus, in the farthings they add the 4 borrowed lings, Pence, Farthings, Ounces, &e. to 1 in the major, and then from the fum 5 they fubr the. 3 in. the minor; and in the pence they add the Rule I. Place like parts under other, viz. farthings trad! 12-borrowed to 6 in the major, and fubtradt from the under farthings, pence under pence,. and the greater fum 18, be.-, but the method taught above, is the eafieft of the given numbers uppermoft. II. Begin at the loweft of the parts, and borrow ac* and moft ufual. cording to the value of an unit of the next fuperior de2. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. nomination; viz. in farthings borrow 4, in pence bor- Begin with the pounds, and (xa) (4) (28). row 12, be. as the tables of money and weights direct. fay, 24 from 22 you cannot* but C. lb. HI. Iffyoir borrow 20, 30, 40, 60, or any juft num- from 28,. the number-of in 84 1 22 major. ber of tens, as in fubtra&ing (hillings, degrees, poles,, 1 quarter, and 4 remains,pounds 49. 3 24 minor, minutes, feconds, be. proceed with the right-hand co- added to 22 in the major, which gives 3^ 1 26 rem. kimn, as in fubtraftion of integers 1 and then fubtraft 26 for 370