Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/447

 ARGILLA, clay, in natural hitory. See.  ARGO, in atronomy, a contellation of fixed tars in the outhern hemiphere; whoe number of tars, in Ptolemy's catalogue, is eight; in Tycho's, eleven; and in Mr Flamtead's, twenty-five. See.  ARGONAUTA, the name of a genus of hell-fih belonging to the order of vermes tetacea. The hell conits of one piral involuted valve. There are two pecies of argonauta, viz. The argo with a ubdented carina, which is found in the Mediterranean and Indian oceans. This is the famous nautilus of other authors. It lies on the urface of the water, and extends an exceeding thin membrane, which it ues in ome meaure both as ails and oars; and in this manner it wims from one place to another. 2. The cymbium with a blunt plaited carina. This pecies is very mall, and is found in the Mediterranean.  ARGONAUTS, in Grecian antiquity, a company of illutrious Greeks, who embarked along with Jaon, in the hip Argo, on an expedition to Colchis, with a deign to obtain the golden fleece.  ARGOS, a ea-port town of European Turky, in the Morea, ituated on the bay of Napoli de Romania, in 23° E. long, and 37° 30′ N. lat.  ARGUIN, an iland on the coaft of Negritia. It lies on the Atlantic Ocean, about 20′ N. lat.  ARGUMENT, in rhetoric and logic, an inference drawn from premies, the truth of which is indiputable, or at leat highly probable. See.

, in atronomy, denotes a known arch, by means of which we eek another one unknown.

, in matters of literature, denotes also the abridgment or heads of a book, hitory, comedy, chapter, &c. See.  ARGUN, a river of Tartary in Aia, erving as a boundary between the Chinee and Ruian empires.

is alo a city of Aiatic Tartary, ituated on the above river, in 104° E. long. and 51° 30′ N. lat. <section end="Argun" /> <section begin="Argus-Shell" />ARGUS-SHELL, a pecies of porcelain-hell, beautifully variegated with pots, reembling in ome meaure thoe in a peacock's tail. <section end="Argus-Shell" /> <section begin="Argyleshire" />ARGYLESHIRE, a county of Scotland, lying wetward of Glagow, and comprehending the countries of Lorn, Cowal, Knapdale, Kintyre, together with the islands Mull, Jura, Ila, &c. It gives the title of duke to the noble family of Campbell. <section end="Argyleshire" /> <section begin="Argyropoeia" />ARGYROPOEIA, among alchemits, a pretended art of tranmuting or charging other metals into ilver. <section end="Argyropoeia" /> <section begin="Arhusen" />ARHUSEN, a city of Jutland in Denmark, ituated at the entrance of the Baltic ea, in 10° 20′ E. long. and 56° N. lat. <section end="Arhusen" /> <section begin="Ariano" />ARIANO, a town of the kingdom of Naples, and province of Principata, ituated about 15 miles eat of Benevento, in 15° 35′ E. long, and 41° 16′ N. lat. <section end="Ariano" /> <section begin="Arians" />ARIANS, in church-hitory, a ect of ancient heretics, who denied the three ons in the Holy Trinity to be of the ame eence, and affirmed Chrit to be a creature. <section end="Arians" /> <section begin="Arica" />ARICA, a ea-port town of Peru in South America, ituated on the Pacific Ocean, in 70° 20′ W. long. and 18° 20′ S. lat. <section end="Arica" /> <section begin="Aridas" />ARIDAS, a kind of taffery, manufactured in the E. Indies, from a hining thread which is got from certain herbs, whence they are lyled aridas of herbs. <section end="Aridas" /> <section begin="Aridullam" />ARIDULLAM, in natural hitory, a kind of zarnich found in the E. Indies. See. <section end="Aridullam" /> <section begin="Aries" />ARIES, in zoology. See Ovis.

, in atronomy, a contellation of fixed tars, drawn on the globe, in the figure of a ram. It is the first of the twelve igns of the zodiac, from which a twelfth part of the ecliptic takes its denomination. See, Of the fixed tars. <section end="Aries" /> <section begin="Arisarum" />ARISARUM, in botany. See. <section end="Arisarum" /> <section begin="Arish #" />ARISH, a Perian long meaure, containing about 38 English inches. <section end="Arish #" /> <section begin="Arisi" />ARISI, the Indian name for the plant which produces the rice. See. <section end="Arisi" /> <section begin="Arista" />ARISTA, or, among botanits, a long needle-like beard, which tands out from the huk of a grain of corn, gras, &c. <section end="Arista" /> <section begin="Aristida" />ARISTIDA, in botany, a genus of the triandria digynia class. The calix has a double valve; the corolla has one valve, and three awns at the points. There are 3 pecies of aritida, viz. the adcenionis, a native of the island of Acenion; the Americana, a native of Jamaica; and the plumoa, a native of America. <section end="Aristida" /> <section begin="Aristocracy" />ARISTOCRACY, a form of government where the upreme power is veted in the principal perons of the tate. See. <section end="Aristocracy" /> <section begin="Aristolochia" />ARISTOLOCHIA, in botany, a genus of the gynandria hexandria clas. It has no calix: the corolla conits of one entire petal; and the capule, which is below the flower, has 6 cells. There are 21 pecies of aritolochia, none of which are natives of Britain. <section end="Aristolochia" /> <section begin="Aristolus" />ARISTOLUS, an obolete name of a pecies of clupea. See. <section end="Aristolus" /> <section begin="Arithmetick" />

RITHMETICK is a cience which explains the properties of numbers, and hews the method or art of computing them.

We have very little intelligence about the origin and invention of arithmetick; but probably it mut have taken its rie from the introduction of commerce, and cone-<section end="Arithmetick" />