Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/446

 corolla has three petals, and the calix is imbricated, There is only one pecies, viz. the cathecu, a native of India. AREMBERG, a city of Germany, ituated about 25 miles outh of Cologn, in 6° 25′ E. long. and 50° 30′ N lat.  ARENA, in natural hitory. See.

, in Roman antiquity, a place where the gladiators fought; so called from its being always trewed with and, to conceal from the view of the people the blood pilt in the combat.  ARENARIA, or chickweed, in botany, a genus of the decandria trigynia clas. The calix has five open leaves; the petals are five, and entire; the capule is unilocular, and contains many feeds. There are 17 pecies of arenaria, only 7 of which are natives of Britain, viz. the peploides, or ea-chickweed; the trinervia, or plantain-leaved chickweed; the erpyllifolia, or leat chickweed; the {ls}}axatilis, or mountainchickweed; the laricifolia, or larch-leaved chickweed; the tenuifolia, or fine-leaved chickweed; and the rubra, or purple-flowered chickweed.  ARENATION, a kind of dry bath, wherein the patient its with his bare feet on hot and.  AREOLA, among anatomits, the coloured circle urrounding the nipple of the breat.  AREOPAGUS, a overeign tribunal at Athens, famous for the jutice and impartiality of its decrees, to which the gods themelves are aid to have ubmitted their differences.

Authors are not agreed about the number of judges that compofed this augut court; ome reckon thirty-one; others, fifty-one; and others, five hundred. In effect, their number eems not to have been fixed, but to have been more or les in different years. At firt, this tribunal conited only of nine perons, who had all dicharged the office of Archons, had acquitted themelves with honour in that trut, and had likewie given an account of their adminitration before the Logitæ, and undergone a rigorous examination. Their alary was equal, and paid out of the treaury of the republic; they had three oboli for each caue. The Areopagites were judges for life; they never at in judgment but in the open air, and that in the nighttime, to the intent that their minds might be the more preent and attentive, and that no object of pity or averion might make any impreion on them; and all the pleadings before them were to be in the implet and naked terms. At firt they took cogniance of criminal caues only, but in coure of time their juridiction became of great extent.

Mr Spon, who examined the antiquities of that illutrious city, found ome remains of the Areopagus till exiting in the middle of the temple of Theeus, which was heretofore in the middle of the city, but is now without the walls. The foundation of the Areopagus is a emicircle, with an eplanade of 140 paces round it, which properly made the hall of the Areopagus. There is a tribunal cut in the middle of a rock, with eats on each ide of it, where the Arcopagites at expoed, to the open air. It is very uncertain when this court was intituted, ince Demothenes himelf is at a los upon the point: Some think that it was intituted by Solon; but others carry it much higher, and aert it to have been etablihed by Cecrops, about the time that Aaron died.  AREQUIPPA, a city of Peru, in S. America, ituated in 73° W. lon. and 17° S. lat.  AREHA, in botany, a genus of the pentandria monogynia clas. The corolla is divided into five parts; the tube of the corolla is ovated; and the capule is globolar, and conits of but one cell. There is only one pecies, viz. the alpina. <section end="Areha" /> <section begin="Arethusa" />ARETHUSA, in botany, a genus of the gynandria diandria clas. The generic character is taken from the nectarium, which is tubular, ituated at the bottom of the corolla; and the inferior labium of it is fixed to the tylus. There are four pecies of the arethua, all natives of America, except the capenis, which is only found at the Cape of Good Hope. <section end="Arethusa" /> <section begin="Argemone" />ARGEMONE, in botany, a genus of the polyandria monogynia clas. The corolla conits of ix petals; the calix of three leaves; and the capule is emi-valved. There are three pecies of argemone, none of which are natives of Britain, They are all a kind of poppies. <section end="Argemone" /> <section begin="Arezzo" />AREZZO, a city of Tucany in Tealy, ituated in 13° 15′ E. long, and 43° 15′ N. lat. <section end="Arezzo" /> <section begin="Argea" />ARGEA, or, in Roman antiquity, thirty human figures, made of ruhes, thrown annually by the priets or'vetals into the Tiber, on the day of the ides of May. <section end="Argea" /> <section begin="Argent" />ARGENT, in heraldry, the white colour in the coats of gentlemen, knights, and baronets. See. <section end="Argent" /> <section begin="Argentan" />ARGENTAN, a city of France, in the Lower Normandy, upon the Orne, in 25′ E. long. and 48° 34′ lat. <section end="Argentan" /> <section begin="Argentaria" />ARGENTARIA creta, pure white earth, found in Pruia, and much eteemed for cleaning plate. <section end="Argentaria" /> <section begin="Argentiere" />ARGENTIERE, a mall iland in the Archipelago, ituated about 60 miles eat of Morea, in 25° E. long. and 37° N. lat.

is alo the name of a mall town of Languedoc in France, in 4° E, long, and 44° 30′ N. lat. <section end="Argentiere" /> <section begin="Argentina" />ARGENTINA, in ichthyology, a genus of fihes belonging to the order of abdominales. The generic characters are thee: The teeth are in the tongue as well as the jaws; the branchiotege membrane has eight radii or rays; the anus is near the tail; and the belly-fins conit of many rays. There are two pecies of argentina, viz. 1. The phyræna has 15 rays in the fin at the anus; the air-bladder of this pecies is conical on both ides, and shines like ilver: According to Mr Ray, fale pearls are ometimes made of it. 2. The carolina has likewie 15 rays in the fin near the anus; the tail is forked, and the lateral lines are treight. It inhabits the freh waters of Carolina. <section end="Argentina" /> <section begin="Argenton" />ARGENTON, a town of France, ituated about fortyfive miles outh-wet of Bourges, in 1° 35′ E. long. 46° 40′ N. lat. <section end="Argenton" /> <section begin="Argentum" />ARGENTUM. See.

<section end="Argentum" />