Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/396

 A R A ( 342 ) A R A Aqueous humour, in anatomy. See p. 289. gredient in the white decodtion, chalk julep, and other AQUIFOLIUM, in botany, the trivial name of a fpe- compofitions. ciesofilex. See Ilex. ARABICI, a feft of heretics, who held, that the foul AQUILA, in ornithology, a fynonime of the falco, or both dies and rifes again with the body. eagle. See Falco. ARABIS, in botany, a genus of the tetradynamia filiAQuila, in aftronomy, a conflrellation of the northern quofa clafs. The generic mark is taken from four hemifphere. See Astronomy. neftariferous glands which lie on the infide of each Aquila, in geography, a large city of0 Abruzzo, in leaf of the calix. There are eight fpecies of arabis, the kingdom of Naples, fituated in 14 2Q E. long, none of which are natives of Britain, except the tha0 and 42 40' N. lat. liana, or coded moufe-ear. AQUILEGIA, or Columbine, in botany, a genus of ARABISM, in language, an idiom peculiar to the Arathe polyandria pentagynia clafs. It has no calix; the bian language. petals are five, and five horn-like ne&aria are inferr- ARABLE lands, thofe which are fit for tillage, or which ed betwixt each petal; it has alfo five feparate cap- have been formerly tilled. fules. There are three fpecies of aquilegia, viz. the ARACK, Arrack, or Rack, a fpirituous liquor imvulgaris, or common columbine, a native of Britain; ported from the E. Indies, ufed by way of dram and in the alpina, a native of Switzerland; and the Cana- punch. The word arack is an Indian name for ftrong denfis, a native of Virginia and Canada. The aqui- waters of all kinds; for they call our fpirits and legia is reckoned to be an aperient, but has long fince brandy Englijh arack. But what we underftand by given way to more powerful medicines. the name arack, is really no other than a fpirit procuAQUILICIUM, or A^uiliciana, in Roman antiqui- red by diftillation from a vegetable juice called toddy, ty, facrifices performed in times of exceflive drought, which flows by incifion out of the cocoa-nut tree. to obtain rain of the gods. There are divers kinds of it; Angle, double, and treAQUILINE, fomething belonging to, or refembliiig an ble diftilled. The double ciiftilled is commonly fent eagle: Thus, an aquiline nofe is one bent fomewhat abroad, and is preferred to all other aracks of India. like^an eagle’s beak. ARACAN, the capital city of a fmall kingdom, fituated AQUINO, a ruinous city in the province 0of Lavoro, in on the north-eaft part of the gulf of Bengal, in 930 the kingdom of Naples, fituated in 14 30' E. long, JE. long, and 20° 30' N. lat. 0 ARACARI, in ornithology, the trivial name of a fpeand 41 30/ N. lat. ARA, in aftronomy, a fouthern conftellation, containing cies of ramphaftos. See Ram p has to s. eight ftars. ARACH, the chief city of Arabia Petrea, fituated ia ARABET, a town of Turki/h Tartary, fituated near 490 E. long, and 30° 20 N. lat. the Palus Mosotis. It is fortified with two caftles ; ARACHIS, in botany, a genus of the diadelphia deand is the place where the khan keeps his ftud of hor- candria clafs. There is only one fpecies, viz. the hyfes, which are reckoned to be about feven thoufand pogsea, a native of America. The calix is divided into two parts; and the capfule or pod is cylindrical, and in number. contains two feeds. ARABIA, a large country of Afia, having Turky on ARACHNOIDES, an appellation given tothe north, Perfia and the gulf of Perfia on the eaft, feveral membranes, inasanatomy, the tunic of the cryftalline huthe Indian ocean on the fouth, and the Red fea and mour of the eye, the external lamina of the pia mater, ifthmus of Suez on the weft; and fituated0 between 0 and one of the coverings of the fpinal marrow. 35 and 6o° E. long, and between 12 and 30° ARAEOMETER, an inftrument to meafure the gravity N. lat. Arabia, though fubjeA to a great many different of liquors, which is ufually made of a thin glais ball, princes, is only confidered by geographers as fubdivi- with a taper neck, fealed at the top, there being firft ded into the three grand divifions of Arabia Felix, A- as much mercury put into it as will keep it fwimming in an exadt pofture. The neck is divided into two rabia Deferta, and Arabia Petrea. ARABIAN, or Arabic, in a general fenfe, fomething parts, which are numbered, that fo by the depths of belonging to Arabia : Thus we fay, Arabian charac- its defcent into any liquor, its lightnefs may be known by thefe divifions. ters, Arabian language, &c. See Hebrew. in architedlure, a term ufed by VitruGum ARABIC, the name of a gum which diftills from ARvEOSTYLE, vius, to fignify the greateft interval which can be made the Egyptian acacia tree. It is brought to us from between columns. Turky, in final! irregular maffes or firings of a pale ARAEOTICS, medicine, remedies which rarefy the yellow colour. The true gum-arabic is rarely to be humours, andinrender met with in the (hops, gum-fenega being ufually fold the pores of tire /kin. them eafy to be carried off by in place of it: This refembles the other, but is gene- ARAF, among the Mahometans. See Alaraf. rally in large rcmg^ pieces. The true kind is preferred ARAFAT, a mountain of Arabia, near Mecca, where as a medicine; but the other is cheapeft'and ftrongeft, the Mahometans believe that Abraham offered to faand therefore preferred for mechanical ufes. It is given, crifice Iflimael. from a fcruple to two drams, in hoarfenefs, a thin acri- ARAGON, a province of Spain, having Bifcay and monious ftate of the juices, and where the natural muon cus of the inteftines is abraded., It is likewife an in- the Pyrenean mountains on the north, Catalonia the