Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/392

 A P O ( 338 ) A P O APOCOPE, among grammarians, a figure which cuts ufed to denote the expanfion of a nerve or tendon in off a letter or fyllable from the end of a word; as the manner of a membrane; fometimes for the cutting off a nerve ; and, finally, for the tendon itfelft ingerit for ingenii. APOCRISIARIUS, in antiquity, an officer who deli- APONOGETON, in botany. See Zannichellia. vered the meffages of the emperor. He became after- APOPHASIS, a figure in rhetoric, by which the orawards chancellor, and kept the feals. It was aifo a tor, fpeaking ironically, feems to wave what he would title given to a biffiop’s refident at court, to the pope’s plainly infinuate: as, Neither •will I mention thofe deputy at Conftantinople, and to the tre'afurer of a things, •which if I Jhould, you, notnuithjlanding, could neither confute nor fpeak againjl them. monaftery. APOCRUSTICS, inmedicine, the fame with repellents. APOPHLEGMATIZANTS, in pharmacy, medicines proper to clear the head from fupeHiuous phlegm, See Repellents. APOCRYPHAL, denotes fomething dubious, and is whether by fpitting, or by the nofe. more particularly applied to fuch books as are not ad- APOPHTHEGM, a ffiort, fententious, and indrudtive mitted into the canon of fcripture, being either not remark, pronounced by a perfon of didinguiffied chaacknowledged as divine, or rejefled as heretical and radter. Such are the apophthegms of Plutarch, and fpurious. The apocryphal books, according to the thofe of the ancients colledted by Lycodhenes. fixth article of the church of England, are to be read APOPHYGE, in architedture, a concave part or ring of for example of life and indruftion of manners; but a column, lying above or below the flat member. The French call it le conge d en has, or d'en haul; it doth not apply them to eftabliffi any do&rine. APOCYNUM, in botany, a .genus of the pentandria the Italians, cavo di bajfo, or di fopra; and alfo, il digyniaclafs. The corolla is campaniform, or ffiaped vivo di bajfo. The apophyge originally was no more the ring or ferril, at fird fixed on the extremities like a bell. There are five fpgcies, all natives of A- than of wooden pillars, to keep them from fplitting; which merica. APODICTICAL, among philofophers, a term import- afterwards was imitated id done. ing a demonftrative proof, or fyftematical method of APOPHYSIS, in anatomy, a prqcefs or protuberance of a bone. teaching. APODOSIS, in rhetoric, the fame with axiofis. See APOPLEXY, a didemper in which the patient is fuddenly deprived of all his fenfes, and of voluntary moAxiosis. APODYTERIUM, in the ancient baths, the apartments tion. See Medicine, title, apoplexy. APORIA, is a figure in rhetoric, by which the fpeaker where perfons drefled and undrefied. APOGEE, in aftronomy, that point of the orbit of a ffiews, that he doubts where to begin for the multitude of matter, or what to fay in fome drange and ambiplanet or the fun tvhich is fartheft from the earth. APOLLINARIAN games, in Roman antiquity, an ap- guous thing; and doth, as it were, argue the cafe with pellation given to certain theatrical entertainments ce- himfelf. Thus Cicero fays, Whether he took them from his fellows more impudently, gave them to a lebrated annually in honour of Apollo. APOLLINARIANS, or Apollinarists, in church- harlot more lafcivioufy, removed them from the Rohiftory, a fedt of heretics who maintained, that Jefus man people more wickedly, or altered them more preChrift had neither a rational human foul, nor a true fu7nptuoufy, 1 cannot well declare. APOSIOPESIS, a form of fpeech, by which the fpeaker, body. through fome affedtion, as forrow, baffifulnefs, fear,, APOLLINARIS, in botany. See Hyoscyamus. APOLLONIA, in antiquity, an annual feftival celebra- anger, or vehemency, breaks off his fpeech before it be all ended. A figure, when fpeaking of a thing,, ted by the fEgialians in honour of Apollo. Apollonia, in geography, a promontory of Africa, we yet feem to conceal it, though indeed we aggravate upon the coaft of Guinea, neat the mouth of the ri- it; or when the courfe of the fentence begun is fo ver Mancu. dayed, as thereby fome part of the fentence, not beAPOLOGUE, in mattsi-s of literature, an ingenious ing uttered, may be underdood; as, / might fay much method of conveying indrudtion by means of a feigned more, hut madefy commands flence. relation called a moral fable. APOSTACY, the abandoning the true religion. The' The only difference between a parable and an apo- primitive Chridian church didinguiffied feveral kinds, logue is, that the former being drawn from what paffes of apodacy. The fird, of thofe who went over enamong mankind, requires probability in the narration ; tirely from Chridianity to Judaifm ; the fecond, of v lie re as the apologue, being taken from the fuppofed thofe who mingled Judaifm and Chridianity together ^ addons of brutes, or even of things inanimate, is not and the third, of thofe who complied fo far with the tied down to the dridt rules of probability. Aifop’s Jews as to communicate with them in many of their unlawful practices, without making a formal profeffion fables: are a model of this kind of writing. APOLOGY, a Greek term, literally importing an ex- of their religion. But the fourth fort was of thofe who, after having been fometimes Chridians, voluncufe, or defence of fome perfon or adtion. APOMELI, among ancient phyficians, a decodtion of tarily relapfed into Paganifm. honey and vinegar, much ufed as a detergent, promo- APOSTASIS, in medicine; the fame with abfcefs. See Abscess. ter of dool, urine, tec. APONEUROSIS, among phyficians, a term, fometimes APOSTATE, one who-deferts his religion. Among. the