Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, first edition - Volume I, A-B.pdf/357

 Ivl Y. 3°3 any regard to the feptum, they termed- them in general either plcry-Jlaphylini, or peri-Jlaphylini. The PALATE, UVULA, 6c. The gloflb-ftaphylini are two fmall mufcles, fixed each The palate is that arch or cavity of the mouth, fur- in the lower and lateral part of the bafis of the tongue; rounded anteriorly by the alveolary edge and teeth of the from whence they run up obliquely backward along, the upper jaw, and reaching from thence to the great opening anterior half arches of the feptum palati, and terminate of the' pharynx. This arch is partly folid and immove- infenfibly on each fide near the uvula, fome of their fibres able, and partly fofr and moveable. The folid portion- being fpread through the feptum. is that which is bounded by the teeth, being formed by The pharyngo-ftaphylini are likewife two fmall mufthe’two offa maxiilaria, and two ofla palati. The foft cles, each of them being fixed by one extremity to the portion lies behind the other, and runs backward like a. lateral part of the mufeuli thyro-pharyngaei, as if they veil fixed to the edge of the offa palati, being formed were portions detached from thefe mufcles. From partly by the common membrane of the whole arch, and thence they run up obliquely forward along the two pofterior half arches of the feptum, and terminate in the partly by feveral mufcular fafciculi, ’be. The membrane that covers all this cavity is like that feptura above the uvula, where they meet together, and which lines the fuperior and middle portions of the pha- feem to form an entire arch by the union of their fibres. rynx. It is very thick, fet with fmall glands, the orifices The thyro-ftaphylini are two fmall mufcles, which acof which are not fo fenfible as in the pharynx, and efpe- company the. pharyngo-ftaphylini very clofely, through their whole courfe, except that their pofterior extremicially in the; rugae of the fuperior portion.thereof. This membrane, together with that of the pofterior ties are fixed in the thyroid cartilages near the other nares, forms, by an uninterrupted continuation, the an- mufcles. They are inferfed in the feptum in the fams terior and pofterior lurface of the foft portion, or feptunr manner with the former. palati; fo that the mufcular fafciculi of this portion lie The fpheno-falpingo-ftaphylini are each fixed by one in the duplicature of a glandulous membrane. extremity, partly to the fphenoidal fide of the bony porThe feptnm, which may likewife be termed velum, or tion of the Euftachian tube, partly to the neareft foft valvula palati. terminates below by a loofe floating edge, portion of the fame tube. From thence it runs toward reprefenting an arch fituated tranfverfely above the bafis the external ala of the apophyfis pterygoides, into which or root of the tongu^. The higheft portion or top of one portion of this mufcle is inferted. The other porthis arch fuftains a fmall, foft, and irregularly conical tion runs to the end of the ala, and turns round to the glandulous body, fixed by its bafis to the arch, and its forked extremity thereof, as over a pulley, and is afterapex hanging down without adhering to any thing, which wards inferted in the feptum palati,: near the uvula. is called uvula. The pterygo-ftaphylinus fuperior is fo named becaufe On each fide of the uvula there are two mufcular half it has a fmall infertion in the upper part of the apophyfis arches, called cdumna" fepti palati. They are all join- pterygoides, befides that in the fphenoidal part, of the. ed to the uvula by their upper extremities, and difpofed bony portion of the tube. The pterygo-ftaphylinus infein fuch a manner^ as that the lower extremities of the rior on each fide, is a fmall mufcle, inferted by one extwo which lie on the fame fide are at a little diftance tremity.in the uncus pterygoidaeus, and. by the other infrom each other, and fo as that one half-arch is anterior, the feptum near the uvula. the other pofterior, an oblong triangular fpace being left' The petro-falpingo-ftaphylini,,or falpingo ftaphylini in-. between them, the apex of which is turned toward the terni, are thofewhich are commonly called perijiaphylinl bafis of the uvula. Each mufcle is fixed by one extremity, partly The two half arches on one fide, by joining the like intern/. the inner fide of the bony portion of the Euftachiar half arches on the other fide, form the entire arch of the tube, or that next the apophyfis petrofa, partly along' edge of the feptum. The pofterior half arches run, by the cartilaginous portion of the fame tube. From thence their upper extremities, more direAly toward the uvula it pafles a little way under the foft membranous part, and> than the anterior. The anterior half arches have a con- then, turning toward the feptum, is fixed in the edge, and tinuation with the fides of the bafis of the tongue, and partly in the upper fide thereof. the pofterior with the fides of the pharynx. At the The ftaphylini, or epiftaphrylini, are two fmall flefhy. lower part of the fpace left between the lateral half ropes, clofely united together, as if they made but one arches on-the fame fide, two glands are fituatec, termed mufcle. They are fixed by one extremity in the commonamygdala. point of the pofterior edges of the ofla palati, and. from The hilf arches are chiefly made up of feveral flat thence run downward and backward along the middle offlefhy portions, almoft in the fame manner with the body the feptunr, and likewife along the middle of almoft the of the feptum. The membrane which covers them is whole uvula. Thefe mufcles have been termed azygos thinner than the other parts of it towards the palate, pha- Morgagni/, from the difeoverer, but he confidered them-rynx, and tongue. Each portion is a diflir.ft mufcle, the- as one mufcle. The pterygo-ftaphylini inferiores are of greateft part of which terminate by one extremity in the the fame kind, and might be termed Jlaphylini, or e[ufubftance of the feptum and of the half arches, and by Jlaphylini laterals/, and thefe laft, medii. the other extremity in parts different from thefe. The feptum palati ferves to conduft the lachrymalAs anatomifts ufed formerly to aferibe all thefe muf- lympha, and that which is continually colledted on thecles, as far as they knew them, to the uvula, without arch of the palate, into the pharynx. It ferves for a , valve. Fart VI.

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