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 ake of their monatery, were made denions of all England (London excepted) by King John.  ABERDEEN, the name of two cities in Scotland, called the Old and New Towns, ituated on the German Ocean, in 1 45. W. lon. and 57. 11. N. lat.

The old town lies about a mile to the north of the new, at the mouth of the river Don, over which is a fine bridge, of a ingle arch, which rets at both ides on two rocks. The old town was formerly the eat of the bihop, and had a large cathedral church, commonly called St Macher's. This cathedral had anciently two rows of tone pillars acros the church, and three turrets; the teeple, which was the larget of thee turrets, reted upon an arch, upported by four pillars. In this cathedral there was a fine library; but about the year 1560 it was almot totally detroyed.

But the capital building is the King's-college, on the outh ide of the town, which is a large and tately fabric. The teeple is vaulted with a double cros arch, above which is an imperial crown, upported by eight stone pillars, and cloed with a globe and two gilded croes. In the year 1631 this teeple was thrown down by a torm, but was oon after rebuilt in a more tately form. This college was founded by Bihop Elphinton in the year 1500; but James IV. claimed the patronage of it, and it has ince been called the King's College. This college, and the Marihall-college in the new town, form one univerity, called the Univerity of King Charles.

The new town is the capital of the hire of Aberdeen. For largenes, trade, and beauty, it greatly exceeds any town in the North. It tands upon a hill or riing ground. The buildings are generally four tories high, and have, for the mot part, gardens behind them, which gives it a beautiful appearance. On the high treet is a large church, which formerly belonged to the Francicans. This church was begun by Bp William Elphinton, and finished by Gavinus Dunbar, Bihop of Aberdeen, about the 1500. Bp Dunbar is aid likewie to have built the bridge over the Dee, which conits of even arches. The chief public building in the new town is the Marihall-college, founded by George Keith Earl of Marihall, in the year 1593; but has since been greatly augmented with additional buildings. In both the Marihall and King's-college the languages, mathematics, natural philoophy, divinity, &c. are taught by very able profeors.  ABERDOUR, a mall town in Fifehire, Scotland, on the frith of Fourth, about ten miles N. W. of Edinburgh.  ABERGAVENY, in Monmouthhire, England, a well-built town, lying 142 miles W. by N. of London, in 51. 50. N. lat. and 30. 5. W. lon. This town conits of about 500 houes, has a weekly market on the Tuedays, and another on the Fridays; and three fairs for hores, heep, and black cattle.  ABERMURDER, an old law-term for murder, proved in a judicial manner, which could not be atoned for with money.  ABERRATION, in atronomy, a mall apparent motion of the fixed tars, firt dicovered by Dr Bradley and Mr Mollineux, and found to be owing to the progreive motion of light, and the earth's annual motion in its orbit. If a lucid object be fixed, and the eye of the oberver moving along in any other direction than that of a treight line from the eye to the object, it is plain, that the object mut have an apparent motion, greater or les, according to the velocity with which the eye is moved, and the ditance of the object from the eye. See.  ABERRATION, in optics, a deviation of the rays of light which prevents their uniting in the ame focal point, and is occaioned by their being refracted by a pherical lens, or reflected by a pherical peculum. See.  ABERYSWITH, a market-town in Wales, lying 199 miles W. S. W. of London, in 52. 30. N. lat. and 40. 15. W. long. <section end="Aberyswith" /> <section begin="Abestia" />ABESTA, the name of one of the acred books of the Perian magi, which they acribe to their great founder Zoroater. The abeta is a commentary on two others of their religous books called Zend and Pazend; the three together including the whole ytem of the Ignicold, or worhippers of fire. <section end="Abestia" /> <section begin="Abeston" />ABESTON, a blundering way of writing Abetus. See. <section end="Abeston" /> <section begin="Abettor" />ABETTOR, a law-term, implying one who encourages another to the performance of ome criminal action, or who is art and part of the performance itelf. Treaon is the only crime in which abettors are excluded by law, every individual concered being conidered as a principal. It is the ame with art and part in the Scots law. <section end="Abettor" /> <section begin="Abevacuation" />ABEVACUATION, in medicine, a gentle evacuation. See. <section end="Abevacuation" /> <section begin="Abex" />ABEX, the name of a large tract of land, lying along the west coat of the Red-ea, outh of Egypt, ubject to the Ottoman Porte. <section end="Abex" /> <section begin="Abeyance" />ABEYANCE, in law, the expectancy of an etate. Thus if lands be leaed to one peron for life, with reverion to another for years, the remainder for years is an abeyance till the death of the leee. <section end="Abeyance" /> <section begin="Abhel" />ABHEL, in botany, an obolete name of the abina or avin. See and. <section end="Abhel" /> <section begin="Abib" />ABIB, ignifying an ear of corn, a name given by the Jews to the firt month of their eccleiatical year, afterwards called Nian. It commenced at the vernal equinox, and, according to the coure of the moon, by which their months were regulated, anwered to the latter part of our March, and beginning of April. <section end="Abib" /> <section begin="Abiding" />ABIDING by a writing, in Scots law: When a peron ounds upon a writing alledged to be fale, he may be obliged to declare judicially, whether he will tand or abide by it as a true deed. As to the conequences of abiding by, or paing from, a fale deed, ee, title, Crimes. <section end="Abiding" /> <section begin="Abies" />ABIES, the fir-tree, in botany, belongs to the monæcia monadelphia clas of Linnæus. For its characters, see, of which it is a pecies. <section end="Abies" /> <section begin="Abigeat" />ABIGEAT, an old law-term, denoting the crime of tealing cattle by droves or herds. This crime was more everely punished than furtum, the delinquent <section end="Abigeat" /> Rh