Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 9.djvu/69

 F A X F E A 59 order in England, had a guilty knowledge of the plot, if he did not even actively encourage it. He was tried and condemned March 28 and executed May 3, 1606. Many valuable letters and memorials connected with this plot are preserved in the Public Record Office. The anonymous letter to Lord Monteagle and the reports of Fawkes s various examinations are there, as well as the reports of the examinations of Winter and other conspirators, supposed conspirators, suspected persons, and persona in any way connected with them. These were some years ago collected and bound in a volume called the Gunpowder Plot Hook. They are not, however, separately calendared in the pub lished series of calendars, but are noticed chronologically with the other papers. Winwood s Memorials contain valuable letters from Cecil and others to Sir C. Cornwallis about the plot, from the Cotton Library. See Fawkeses of York in the Sixteenth Century, and Jardine s Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot. FAXARDO. See SAAVEDRA. FAY, ANDRAS (1786-1864), Hungarian poet and author, born 30th May 1786, at Kohany in the county of Zemplin, was educated for the legal profession at the Protestant college of Sarospatak. Being, however, sub sequently obliged to abandon the law as a vocation, on account of ill-health, he devoted himself to literary pur suits, and became one of the best writers of Hungarian narrative prose. Hid Meseh (Fables), the first edition of which appeared at Vienna in 1820, evinced his powers of satire and invention, and won him the well-merited ap plause of his countrymen. These fables, which, on account of their originality and simplicity, have caused Fay to be regarded as the Hungarian /Esop, were translated into German by Petz, Raab, 1825, and partly into English by E. D. Butler, Hungarian Poems and Fables, London, 1877. Fay wrote also numerous poems, the chief of which are to be found in the collections Bokreta (Nosegay), Pesth, 1807, and Fris Bokreta (Fresh Nosegay), Pesth, 1818. He also composed several plays and romances and numerous tales, busying himself through the whole of his career with every kind of literary work. In the year 1835 Fay was elected representative for the county of Pesth, in the Hungarian diet, where he became for a time the leader of the opposi tion party; and, though afterwards eclipsed by Kossuth, he still continued to distinguish himself both by his liberal sentiments and by his unremitting efforts for the material internal progress of the nation. It is to him that the Pesth Savings Bank owes its origin, and he was one of the chief founders of the Hungarian National Theatre. He died on the 26th July 1864. His earlier works were published in a collective form at Pesth, 1843-44, 8 vols. The most noteworthy of his later works is a humorous novel entitled Jdvor orvos es Bakator Ambrus szolgdia (Jdvor the Doctor and his servant Ambrose BaJcator), Pesth, 1855, 2 vols. FAYAL. See AZORES, vol. iii. p. 172. FAYETTEVILLE, a town of the United States, capital of Cumberland co., North Carolina, is situated on Cape Fear River, 100 miles N.W. of Wilmington. It has cotton manufactures, and, on account of the large pine forests in its neighbourhood, a considerable trade in timber, tar, and turpentine. It was settled in 1762, received its present name- in 1784, was partly destroyed by fire in 1831, and was taken by the Union army in March 1865. Popu lation in 1870, 4660, of whom 2318 were coloured. FAYOUM, or FEIYOOM. See EGYPT, vol. vii. p. 744. FEA, CARLO (1753-1834), an Italian archaeologist, was born at Pigna in Piedmont, 2d February 1753. At an early age he went to Rome, where he prosecuted his studies with a view to the legal profession, under the superintendence of his uncle, who was a distinguished ecclesiastic. He received the degree of doctor of laws from the university of La Sapienza, and for some time practised as an advocate ; but archaeology gradually came to occupy his chief attention, and with the view of obtaining better opportunities for his antiquarian researches he in 1798 took orders. As a member of the Archocological Society of Rome, Fea gave considerable aid to the antiquarian researches carried on under its auspices. He was also librarian to Prince Chigi. He died at Rome, 18th March 1834. Fea revised, with the addition of notes, an Italian translation of Wiuckelmann s Geschichte der Kunst, and also added notes to some of Bianconi s works. Among his own works the principal are Miscellanea filologica, critica, e antiquaria; L integreta del Panteon rivendicata a M. Agrippa; Frammcnti di fasti consolari; Iscrizioni di monumenti pubblici; and Descrizione di lloma. FEARNE, CHARLES (1749-1794), an eminent writer on law, son of Charles Fearne, judge-advocate of the Admiralty, was born in London in 1749, and was educated at West minster School. Ha adopted the legal profession, but, though well fitted by his talents to succeed as a barrister, he neglected his business and devoted most of his attention and his patrimony to the prosecution of scientific experi ments, with the vain hope of achieving discoveries which would reward him for his pains and expense. He died in 1794, leaving his widow and family in necessitous circum stances. His Essay on the Learning of Contingent Re mainders and Executory Devices, the work which has made his reputation as a legal authority, was called forth by a decision of Lord Mansfield in the case of Perrin v. Blake, and had the effect of reversing that decision. The 10th edition of this essay (1844) contains the notes added by Charles Butler to the 6th edition, with additions by Charles W. Smith. A volume entitled Fearne s Posthumous Works was published by subscription in 1797 for the benefit of his widow. FEASTS. See FESTIVALS. FEATHERS. The scientific definition of the various parts of a feather will be found in the article BIRD (vol. iii. p. 727). Here cognizance is taken of the purposes only to which feathers are applied either for use or ornament. These applications are numerous and varied, arising as they do in some cases from the physical properties of the quill, and again from the structure and elasticity of the vane ; while for ornamentation, sometimes beauty of form and oftener brilliancy of colour are the qualities which commend different feathers for use. The chief purposes for which feathers become commercially valuable may be compre hended under four divisions : 1st, bed and upholstery feathers ; 2d, quills for writing ; 3d, ornamental feathers ; and 4th, miscellaneous uses of feathers. Bed and Upholstery Feathers. The qualities which render feathers available for stuffing beds, cushions, &c., are lightness, elasticity, freedom from matting, and softness. These are combined in the most satisfactory degree in the feathers of the goose and of several other allied aquatic birds, whose bodies are protected with a warm downy cover ing. Goose feathers and down, when plucked in spring from the living bird, are most esteemed, being at once more elastic, cleaner, and less liable to taint than those obtained from the bodies of killed geese. The down of the eider duck, Anas mollissima, is esteemed above all other substances for lightness, softness, and elasticity ; but it has some tendency to mat, and is consequently more used for quilts and in articles of clothing than unmixed for stuffing beds. The feathers of swans, ducks, and of the common domestic fowl are also largely employed for beds ; but in the case of the latter bird, which is of course non-aquatic, the feathers are harsher and less downy than are those of the natatorial birds generally. Feathers which possess strong or stiff shafts cannot without some preliminary preparation be used for stuffing purposes, as the stiff points they present would not only be highly uncomfortable, but would also pierce and cause the escape of the feathers from any covering in which they might be inclosed. The barbs are therefore stripped or cut from these feathers, and