Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 9.djvu/53

 F A K F A S 43 18th June 1857, and placed the titular nawab of Farrakhabdd on the throne. The English military residents took shelter in the fort, which they held until the 4th July, when, the fort being undermined, they endeavoured to escape by the river. One boat succeeded in reaching Cawnpur, but only to fall into the hands of the Naud. Its occupants were made prisoners, and perished in the massacre of the 10th July. The other boat was stopped on its progress down the river, and all those in it were cap tured or killed, except four who escaped. The prisoners were conveyed back to Fathigarh, and murdered there by the nawdb on the 19th July. The rebels were defeated in several engagements, and on the 3d January 1858 the English troops recaptured Fathigarh fort ; but it was not till May that order was thoroughly re-established. Since then nothing has occurred to disturb the peace of the district. FARRANT, RICHARD, composer of English church music, flourished during the 16th century. Very little is known about him. Fe tis gives 1530 as the date of his birth, but on what authority does not appear. He became a gentleman of the Chapel Royal in the reign of Edward VI., but resigned his post in 1564 on being appointed master of the children of St George s Chapel, Windsor. In this capacity he presented a play before the queen at Shrovetide 1568, and again at Christmas of the same year, receiving on each occasion the sum of 6, 13s. 4d. In November 1569 he was reinstated as gentleman of the Chapel Royal. It is stated by Hawkins (Ilistoi^y of Music, vol. iii. 279) that Farrant was also one of the clerks and organists of St George s Chapel, Windsor, and that he retained these posts till his death. Many of his composi tions are printed in the collections of Barnard and Boyce. Among the most admired of them are a service in G minor, and the anthems &quot; Call to remembrance &quot; and &quot; Hide not thou thy face.&quot; It is doubtful whether Farrant is entitled to the credit of the authorship of the beautiful anthem &quot;Lord, for thy tender mercies sake.&quot; No copy of the music under his name appeared in print till 1800, although it had been earlier attributed to him. Some writers have named John Hilton, and others Thomas Tallis, as tho com poser. From entries in the Old Check Boole of the Chapel Royal (recently edited for the Camden Society by Dr Rimbault) it appears that Farrant died, not in 1585, as Hawkins states, but on November 30, 1580 or 1581. FARS, or FARSISTAN, a province of Persia, extending along the Persian Gulf, and conterminous with Khusistan, Irak, and Kirman. Like the provinces to the N. andS., it is divided in three parallel districts, the Dushtistan Germ- sir or hot country, the Tengsir or land of the passes, and the Sirhud or cold country. Its mountain ranges run parallel with the coast-line, and inclose a great number of valleys, both longitudinal and transverse. In some of these are considerable lakes, as, for example, the lake of Shiraz, and the salt lake Bakhtagan, which is about 75 miles long, and receives the waters of the Pol war or Kur. Of the rivers which flow into the Persian Gulf the most important aro the Prestaf in the S. and the Sefid Rud in the N. . The coast is for the most part steep and inaccessible, but there are harbours at Bushire, Bender Kongun, and Bender Ka- khil. As the cultivation of the Dushtistan region depends entirely on the periodical rains, years of abundance alternate with years of dearth. Inland among the moun tains there is a great deal of excellent pasture land, but most of it lies quite unemployed by the thinly scattered population. Grain of various kinds, dates, tobacco, cotton, and hemp are all grown to some extent, and are usually of excellent quality ; wine is manufactured, and the silk-worm reared * arid a certain amount of attention is given to the weaving of cottons, silks, woollens, and camel-hair fabrics. An account of the exports will be found under BUSHIKE, vol. iv. Shiraz is the capital, and Firusabad, Darabjird, and Bebahan are towns of some importance. Most of the villages are mere collections of mud-built huts, and present a very poverty-stricken appearance, in striking contrast to the splendour of the ancient cities of Shakpur, Pasargadae, and Persepolis, which lie within the province. No satisfactory estimate of the population can be given. FASANO, a town of Italy, in the circondario and pro vince of Bari, 32 miles S. of Bari, and a little to the W. of the railway to Brindisi. It stands in a rich olive district, and has a good trade in the produce. During summer the plague of flias is such that the inhabitants retire to a hill in the neighbourhood, called La Selva, where there is already a considerable suburb growing up. The ancient Egnatia stood in this vicinity. Population 14,800. FASTI, plural of the adjective fastus, but more com monly used as a substantive, is derived, according to Varro, from fas, meaning what is binding, or allowable, by divine law, as opposed tojiis, or human law. Fasti dies thus came to mean the days on which law business might be transacted (see Ovid, fasti, i. 48) sine piaculo, thus corresponding to our own &quot;lawful days.&quot; Originally the fasti were a kind of official year-book, or almanac, with dates and directions for religious ceremonies, court-days, market-days, divisions of the month, and the like. Festus Pompeius calls them totius anni descriptio. In later times they meant state records in general. The fasti, again, were of two distinct kinds kalendaria, or fasti kalendares, sub divided into urbani and rustici, and next, fasti magistrates, or historid. Until 314 B.C. the lore of the kalendaria remained the exclusive and lucrative monopoly of the priesthood ; but in that year Cn. Flavins, a pontifical secretary, introduced the custom of publishing in the forum tables containing the requisite information, besides brief re ferences to victories, triumphs, prodigies, &c. These tables were also called fasti. Ovid s Fasti have been well described as &quot; a poetical year-book &quot; illustrating the fasti published by Julius Caesar when he remodelled the Roman year. In the tables of Flavius, the letters F., N., N.P., F.P., Q. Rex C.F., C., EN., stood for fastus, nefastus, nefastus priore (in the first half of the day), fastus priore, quando rex sacrorum comitiavit fastus, comitialis, and intercisus. The dies intercisi were partly fasti and partly nefasti. Upon the cultivators fewer faasts, sacrifices, ceremonies, and holidays were enjoined than on the inhabitants of cities ; and the rustic fasti contained little more than the ceremonies of the kalends, nones, and ides, the fairs, signs of zodiac, increase and decrease of the days, the tutelary gods of each month, and certain directions for rustic labours to be performed each month. The fasti magistrales were concerned with the several feasts, and everything relating to the gods, religion, and the magistrates; to the emperors, their birthdays, offices, days consecrated to them, with feasts and ceremonies established in their honour, or for their prosperity. They came to be denominated mayni, by way of distinction from the bare kalendar, or fasti Jcalendares. Of this class, the fasti consulares, for example, were a chronicle or register of time, in which the several years were denoted by the respective consuls, with the principal events which happened during their consulates. A famous specimen of the same class are the fasti Capi- tolini, so called because they were deposited in the Capitol by Alexander Farnese, after their excavation from the Roman forum in 1547. They are chiefly a nominal list of statesmen, victories, triumphs, &amp;lt;fec., from the expulsion of the kings to the deahh of Augustus. A considerable num ber of fasti of the first class have also been discovered ; but none of them appear to be older than the time of Augustus. The Pramestine calendar, discovered in 1770, contains the