Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 9.djvu/142

 132 FIBRES though cellulose is, however, practically unaffected by the ordinary solvents, water, alcohol, ether, benzol, and weak solutions of acids and alkalies even at high temperatures, yet under certain circumstances its physical qualities of strength and elasticity may be very seriously damaged with out any appearance of chemical change. Strong solutions of acids and alkalies, especially if aided with heat, act upon cellulose by first swelling up the fibres ; this is followed Name of Fibre Source. Local it y. Remarks. I. SEED HAIKS Cotton Gossypium barbadense U. S. America See COTTON, vol. vi Used only for stuffing. Used only occasionally for stuffing. Sue FLAX. See HEMP. Used for cordage as a substitute for hemp. Resembling and used like jute. A cordage nbre. A valuable fibre, difficult of extraction. Similar to the above. Prepared like flax, and much used locally. Occasionally tried for textiles and paper. Used only in their native countries. Cultivation restricted on account of the sting. Closely allied fibres. See RHEA. See JUTE. Used in India like jute, which they resemble. Used like sunn hemp. Used for coffee bags in British Guiana. Makes exceedingly tough, useful ropes. Used for coarse cloth, twine, and nets. Extensively used for mats, &c. Beaten into native cloth. Cordage and paper making. Cordage. Not strong. Like lime bast. For cigarette wrappers. A very strong and almost colourless bast. Like the above. Ornamental purposes. Surgical wadding. See FnonMiuM. Ship cordage, itc. Cordage. A strong fibre. Cordage, brush-making, &c. Cordage. Woven into extremely fine textures. Uphols ery purposes, like horse-hair. Leaf strips used for matting, &amp;lt;fec. Panama hats from leaf strips. Used for fine mats, Ac. Substitute for horse hair In stuffing. Fine twine for hammocks. Cordage. Used for hat making. Matting, baskets, &amp;lt;tc., from leaf strips. From base of leaf stalks, for brushes, cordage, Ac. O. herbacfum G. arboreum Silk Cotton (Ceiba) Eriudendron anfractuosuin Sunda West Indies I B. heptaphyllum Brazil ... 1 Ei iodcndron Saumama West Indies i j Vegetable Silk Beaumontia grandiflora India

Calotropis gigantea

C. llamiltonii ) Asdepias curassarica A. volubitis AYest Indies ? 11. BAST FIBRES or DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS Flax Hemp .Sunn Hemp Linum usitatissimum Cannabis satira Crotalariajuncea North Europ?, &c India Gambo or Ambaree Hibiscus cannabinus sjij L Fibre Yercum or Ak Calotropis gigantea India Apocynum venetum ) South Russia, Siberia, and Nettle Fibre Urtica dioica U. urens J Hemp Nettle U. cannabina Siberia ) South Sea Islands &amp;gt; ., U. Japonica Nilgherry Nettle U. heterophylla Alleghauian Nettle Laportea pustnlata Japan ) U. S. America ,, ,, I}, sanguined - Java C 1, j Corchorus capsularis ) &quot;&quot;( Roi bhenda C. olitonus ) Phenros or Ochro f 1 orush Thespesia lainpas Bun-ochra T. populnca South America Mahwal Bun-raj Jiauhinia vahlii K. racemosti India ) Xarwoli Cordia latifolia Tapa Baobab Broussonetia papyri/era Adansonia digital a South Sea Islands West Africa Jloloplelea integrifolia West Indies Hameta ,, Chitrang Lace Bark Pine Wool III. FIBROUS BUNDLES OF MONO- COTYLEDONOUS PLANTS Phormium, or New Zealand Flax... Lasiosyphon speciosus Sponia Wight ii Lagetta tin tearia Pinus tylvestris Phormium tenax Afusa textilis Dcccan India West Indies Germany New Zealand Plantain Fibre Musa paradisiaca, and other species Bowstring Hemp Sisal or Grass Hemp Sanseviera zeylan ica Agave sisal iana Agate americana, and other species Central America )_ West Indies, Ac f Pina Fibre Vegetable Horsehair Jiromelia Pinguin Tillandsia usneoides I andanui odoratissimus Carludovica paJinata Raphia ruffia Philippine Islands Central America, Ac Mauritius Central America Madagascar Panama Screw Pine Crin Vegetal Tucum Tibisire Chamcerops huinilis Aitrocaryum vu gare Mauritia flfxuosa Algeria Brazil Cabbage Palm Talipat Kitul Cin ypha australis llorassus flabeUifurmis Caryota urtni Australia India Attalea fitnifera Krazil Gomuti Ratan Coir Arenga saccharife.ra Calamus rotang, and otlier speck s Cocoa nuci/era Java, Ac Kast Indian Islands Ceylon, &amp;lt;tc Native ship ropes. Strips for chair seats; fibres for stuffing. See COIR. by their complete solution, and ultimately a change of chemical constitution takes place, the cellulose being trans formed into glucose or grape sugar. Oxydizing agents again exercise a destructive influence upon cellulose, a fact of great importance in connexion with bleaching operations, which are all based upon the action of various oxidizing