Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 8.djvu/891

Rh F A I F A I 855 Besides scattered allusions, we owe to this superstition many fair products of our poetry. Works of Drayton, Ben Jonson, Fletcher, Randolph, and Herrick will at once suggest themselves. Its influence is of course very marked in the youthful works of Milton. Of the Midsummer Eight s Dream, that perfect rose among all these flowers of fancy, it is unnecessary to speak, even were it possible to do so adequately. For an elaborate account of fairies in general, see Keightley s Fairy Mythology, where the legends of different countries are col lected. (W. HE.) FAITHORNE, WILLIAM, a painter and engraver, was born in London, at what date is uncertain, but most pro bably either in 1626 or 1627. He was apprenticed to Robert Peake, a painter and printseller, who received the honour of knighthood from Charles I. On the outbreak of the civil war he accompanied his master into the king s service, and being made prisoner at Basinghouse, he was confined for some time to Aldersgate, where, however, he was permitted to follow his profession of engraver, and among other portraits did a small one of the first Villiers, duke of Buckingham. At the earnest solicitation of his friends he very soon regained his liberty, but only on con dition of retiring to France. There he was so fortunate as to receive instructions from Robert Nanteuil, by which his style was greatly benefited. He was permitted to return to England about 1650, and took up a shop near Temple Bar, where, besides his work as an engraver, he carried on a large business as a printseller. In 1680 he gave up his shop and retired to a house in Blackfriars, occupying himself chiefly in painting portraits from the life in crayons, although still occasionally engaged in engraving. He died of a lingering consumption, May 13, 1691 ; audit is said that his life was shortened by the misfortunes, dissipation, and early death of his son William. Faithorne is especially famous as a portrait engraver, and among those on whom he exercised his art were a large number of eminent persons, including Sir Henry Spelman, Oliver Cromwell, Henry Somerset, the marquis of Worcester, John Milton, Queen Catherine, Prince Rupert, Cardinal Richelieu, Sir Thomas Fairfax, Thomas Hobbes, Richard Hooker, Robert second earl of Essex, and Charles I. All his works are remarkable for their combination of freedom and strength with softness and delicacy, and his crayon paintings unite to these the addi tional quality of clear and brilliant colouring. Faithorne is the author of a work on engraving, which was published in 1622. FAITHORNE, WILLIAM (1656-1686), a mezzotinto en graver, son of the former, was born in 1656. He had the advantage of his father s instructions, and devoting his attention chiefly to mezzotinto, at an early age gave promise of attaining great excellence, but became idle and dissi pated, and it is said involved his father in money difficulties. Among persons of note whose portraits he engraved are Charles II., Mary princess of Orange, Queen Anne when princess of Denmark, and Charles XII. of Sweden. He died in 1686. The best account of the Faithornes is that contained in Walpole s Anecdotes of Painting. A life of Faithorne the elder is preserved in the British Museum among the papers of Mr Bay ford, librarian to Lord Oxford, and an intimate friend of Faithorne. FAIZABAD, a division or cornmissionership of Oudh in British India, now under the jurisdiction of the lieutenant- governor of the North- Western Provinces. It lies in 26-28 30 N. lat. and 81 5-83 15 E. long., and comprises the three districts of Faizabad, Gonda, and Bharaich. it is bounded on the N. by the independent stale of Nepal, on the E. by Gorakhpur district, on the S. by Azimgarh and Sultan- pur, and on the W. by Bora Banki, Sitdpur, and Kheri. Population, according to the census of 186S Hindus, 3,028,502; Mahometans and others, 350,760; total, 3,379,262, of whom 1,747,411 were males and 1,631,851 females. Number of villages or townships, 8452. Area, 7671 square miles. FAIZABAD, a district of British India in Oudh, under the lieutenant-governor of the North-Western Provinces, in 26-27 N. lat. and 81 -82 E. long., is bounded on the N. and E. by the Gogra river, on the S. by Azimgarh district, and on the W, by the Gumti river. The area, according to the latest estimate in 1877, is 1649 square miles, and the population 1,024,092 souls. Faizdbdd forms a very historical district, lying between the two great rivers of Oudh, and is interesting alike for its calamities and its ruins. Ajodhya, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Oudh, which plays so conspicuous a part in the Sanskrit epics, lies in its northern angle, close to the present city of Faizabad. In more modern times the district was the centre of the nawab vizier s influence, and contained his capital until the removal of his court to Lucknow in 1775. In 1857 it be came the scene of the disaster described below. Since the mutiny, the district has settled down into a peaceful part of the British empire, with an increasing population. It is penetrated throughout its length from north to south by the Oudh and Rohilkhand railway, and does an import ant trade with the great cities of the north-west. The growth of its population has been the more marked, owing to the previous desertion and decay in the last century on the transfer of the nawab s court to Lucknow. The popula tion, classified according to religion, is Hindus, 922,360, Mahometans, 100,410, Christians, 1322, of whom 1267 represent the European soldiers; total, 1,024,092; the density of population averaging 621 per square mile. The five largest towns, containing upwards of 5000 inhabi tants, are Faizabad, population, 37,804; Tanda, 13,543; AjodhyA, 9949 ; Jalalpur, 6275 ; and Sajauli, 5614. The railway stations are the following : Malipur, Akbarpur, Kanurpur, Gosainganj, Tandauli, Belarghat, Darsinagar, Ajodhya, Faizabad, and Sajauli. The estimated cultivated area in 1875 was 628,690 acres, of which rice was returned as occupying 162,562 ; wheat, 162,895 ; other food grains, 248,837; oil-seeds, 6888; sugar, 27,800; cotton, 492; opium, 4982 ; indigo, 6900 ; fibres, 202 ; tobacco, 3957 ; and vegetables, 3522. The total value of the trade of Faizabad in 1874-75 was exports 425, 115, and imports 122,511, the chief articles of export being food grains, oil-seeds, country cloth, and silk, and cotton ; and of im ports, sugar, spices, European piece goods, &c. The revenue of the district in 1874-75 was 151,856, of which 133,243. or 85 per cent., was derived from the land-tax. The machinery for protecting person and property consisted of 15 magisterial and 15 civil and revenue courts. The regular police force consisted of 552 officers and men, maintained at a cost of 8363 out of the imperial revenue ; a town and cantonment police numbering 237, and costing 1402 from local sources ; and a village police numbering 2277 men, maintained by the villagers or landholders at a cost of 5524. The average daily number of prisoners in jail in 1875 was 791, or one to every 1294 of the popuh- tion. The schools in the same year numbered 98, attended by 4461 pupils. Four charitable dispensaries afforded medical aid to 13,463 patients ; and a poorhouse furnished assistance to 6752 paupers in the shape of food, clothing, and shelter. FAIZABAD, the chief town and administrative head quarters of the district of the same name, situated on the right or south bank of the Gogra, in 26 47 N. lat, and 82 15 E. long. Adjacent to Faizabad on the E., and now forming a suburb of the town, is Ajodhya, the ancient capital of King Daswratha, the father of Rama, the hero of the RamAyanA. Oi this ancient city, said to have covered