Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 8.djvu/877

Rh F A B -F A B 841 churches with pictures by the Fabriano schoul of artists, the town hall, which contains ancient inscriptions, and the museum of the Count of Rossenti, where may be seen a very fine collection of objects in ivory. Fabriano is the birth-place of the painter Gentile da Fabriano. The popu lation of the town proper in 1870 was 6071, or including the outskirts, 7612. FABRIANO, GENTILE DA, an Italian painter, was born at Fabriano about 1370. He is said to have been a pupil of Allegretto di Nuzio, but there is every probability that he received most of his early instruction from Fra Giovanni, sur- named Angelico, to whose manner his bears in some respects a close similarity. About 1411 he went to Venice, where by order of the doge and senate he was engaged to adorn the great hall of the ducal palace with frescoes from the life of Barbarossa. He executed this work so entirely to the satisfaction of his employers that they granted him a pension for life, and accorded him the privilege of wearing the habit of a Venetian noble. About 1422 he went to Florence, where in 1423 he painted an Adoration of the Kings for the church of Santa Trinita, which is pre served in the Florence gallery of paintings, and is con sidered his best work now extant. To the same period belongs a Madonna and Child which is now in the Berlin Museum. Fabriano had by this time attained a wide re putation, and was engaged to paint pictures for various churches, more particularly Siena, Perugia, Gubbio, and Fabriauo. About 1426 he was called to Rome by Martin V. to adorn the church of St John Lateran with frescoes from the life of John the Baptist. He also executed a portrait of the pope attended by ten cardinals, and in the church of St Francesco Romano a painting of the Virgin and Child attended by St Benedict and St Joseph, which was much esteemed by Michelangelo, but is no longer in existence. Fabriano died about 1450. Michelangelo said of him that his works resembled his surname Gentile, noble or refined. They are full of a quiet and serene joyousness, and he has a naive and innocent delight in splendour and in gold ornaments, with which, however, his pictures are not overloaded. FABRICIUS, CAIUS Luscixus, a Roman general and consul, was perhaps the first member of the Fabricia gens who settled in Rome. He makes his earliest appearance in history as one of the ambassadors sent to the Tarentines to dissuade them from making war on the Romans. Elected consul in 282 B.C., he in the same year defeated the Boii and the Etruscans. When in the following year the Romans were defeated by Pyrrhus, Fabricius was sent to treat for the ransom and exchange of the prisoners, and Pyrrhus endeavoured unsuccessfully to bribe him with large offers to enter his service. In 278 Fabricius was elected consul for the second time, and was successful in negotiat ing terms of peace with Pyrrhus, who sailed away to Italy. Fabricius afterwards gained a series of victories over the Samuites, the Lucanians, and the Bruttii, and on his return to Rome received the honour of a triumph. Notwithstand ing the offices he had filled he died poor, and provision had to be made for his daughter out of the funds of the state. In honour of his military achievements and his incorrup tible integrity, the senate also decreed that he and his descendants should have a burial place inside the city. FABRICIUS, GEORGE (1516-1571), poet, historian, and archreologist, was born at Chemnitz in Upper Saxony, on the 24th April 1516. He completed his studies at Frei berg and Leipsic. Travelling into Italy with one of his pupils, he made an exhaustive study of the antiquities of R )ine, The result was the second work named below, in which the correspondence between every discoverable relic of the old city and the references and descriptions which lay scattered throughout ancient literature was traced with the minutest detail. Even learned Germans suspected that the work was in reality an ancient per formance. Having returned to Germany in 1553, he was appointed director of the college of Meissen, where he died on the 13th July 1571. In his sacred poems, which obtained for him considerable distinction, he affected to avoid every word with the slightest savour of paganism ; and he blamed the poets for their allusions to pagan divinities. The following list includes the principal works which he pub lished, either as author or as editor : (1) Tercntii Afri Comcedice sex cum castigatione duplici Joannis Rivii et G. Fabricii, Strasburg, 1548, 8vo ; (2) Roma, sive Liber utilissimus de vcteris Romoe situ, regionibus, viis, tempi is, aliisque tzdificiis, Basel, 1550, 8vo ; (3) Virgilii Opera cum commcntariis Scrviict T. G. Donati, Basel, 1551, fol. ; (4) Virgilii Opera a Fabricio castigata, Leipsic, 1551, 1591, 8vo ; (5) Poematum sacrorum libri quindecim, Basel, 1560, 16mo; (6) Poematum vctcrum ccclesiasticorum opera Christiana et opcrum rcliquice ac fragmcnta, 1562, 4to ; (7) &amp;lt;Dc Re Poetica libri septem, 1566, 8vo ; (8) Rerum Misnicarum libri septem, 1569, 4to ; (9) Originum illustrissimce stirpis Saxoniccc libri septem, 1597, fol.; (10) Rerum Germanice magnce et Saxoniccc universes memorabilium volumina duo, Leipsic, 1609, fol. A life of George Fabricius was published in 1839, at Leipsic, by Professor C. G. Baumgarten Cru- sius. In 1845 the same biographer issued an edition of Fabricius s Epistolce ad Wolf. Mcucrum et alias cequales, prefixed to which there is also a short sketch De Vita Ge. Fabricii et de gcnte Fabriciortim. FABRICIUS, HIERONYMTJS (1537-1619), a celebrated Italian anatomist and surgeon, was surnamed Acquapen- dente from the episcopal city of that name, where he was born in 1537. At Padua, after a course of philosophy, he studied medicine under Fallopius, whose successor as teacher of anatomy and surgery he became in 1562. From the senators of Venice he received numerous honours, and an anatomical theatre was built by them for his accommoda tion. He died May 21, 1619. The collective works of Fabricius were printed by Bohn under the title of Opera omnia Anatomica et Physiologica, Leipsic, 1687. The Leyden edition, published by Albinus in 1738, folio, is preferred to that of Bohn, as containing a life of the author and the prefaces of his treatises. See ANATOMY, vol. i., p. 809, and SURGERY. FABRICIUS, JOANNES ALBERTUS (1668-1736), one of the most learned, laborious, and useful of bibliographers, was born at Leipsic, November 11, 1668. His father, Werner Fabricius, director of music in the church of St Paul at Leipsic, was the author of several works, particu larly Delicice Harmonica?, published in 1657. Joannes Albertus himself commenced his studies under his father, who on his deathbed recommended him to the care of Valentine Alberti. He studied under Wenceslas Buhl and J. S. Herrichen, and afterwards at Quedlinburg under Samuel Schmidt. It was in Schmidt s library, as he afterwards said, that he found the two works, Barthuiss s Adversaria and Morhoffs Polyhistor, which suggested to him the idea of his Bibliothecae, the kind of work for which he stands pre-eminent among scholars. Having returned to Leipsic in 1686, he was the same year admitted bachelor in philosophy ; and in the begin ning of 1688 he took the degree of master in the same faculty, shortly after which he published his first work, Scriptorum recentiiim decas, an attack on ten writers of the day, Thomasius among them. His Decas Decadiim, sive playiarorum et pseudonymorum centuria, published in the following year, is the only one of his works to which ho signs the name Faber. He then applied himself to the study of medicine, which, however, he relinquished for that of theology; and having gone to Hamburg in 1693, he proposed to travel abroad, when the unexpected tidings that the expense of his education had absorbed his whole patri mony, and even left him in debt to his trustee, forced him to abandon his project. He therefore remained at Ham burg, where J. F. Mayer employed him in the capacity of librarian. In 161)6 he accompanied his patron to Sweden; VIII. 106