Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 8.djvu/595

Rh E T H E T H 573 1636. He was a scion of an ancient and distinguished family of Oxfordshire. He was educated at Cambridge, but left the university early to travel in France and Flanders. It is probable that he witnessed in Paris the performances of some of Moliere s earliest comedies ; and he seems, from un allusion in one of his plays, to have been personally acquainted with Bussy Rabutin. On his return to London lie studied the law at one of the Inns of Court. His tastes were those of a fine gentleman, and he indulged freely in pleasure. Sometime soon after the Restoration he composed his comedy of The Comical Revenge, or Love in a Tub, which introduced him to Lord Buckhurst, after wards the earl of Dorset. This was brought out at the Duke s Theatre in 1664, and a few copies were printed in the same year. The main edition of this play, however, was not issued until 1669. It is partly in rhymed heroic verse, like the stilted tragedies of the Howards and Killi- grews, but it contains comic scenes that are exceedingly bright and fresh. The sparring between Sir Frederick and the &quot;Widow introduced a style of wit hitherto unknown upon the English stage. The success of this play was very great, but Etheredge waited four years before he repeated his experiment. Meanwhile he gained the highest reputa tion as a poetical beau, and moved in the circle of Sir Charles Sedley, Lord Rochester, and the other noble wits of the day. In 1668 he brought out She would if she could, a comedy in many respects admirable, full of action, wit, and spirit, but to the last degree frivolous and immoral. But in this play Etheredge first shows himself a new power in literature ; he has nothing of the rudeness of his prede cessors or the grossness of his contemporaries. We move in an airy and fantastic world, where flirtation is the only serious business of life. At this time Etheredge was living a life no less frivolous and unprincipled than those of his Courtals and Freemans. He formed an alliance with the famous actress Mrs Barry ; she bore him a daughter, on whom he settled .6000, but who unhappily died in her youth. His wealth and wit, the distinction and charm of his manners, won him the general worship of society, and his temperament is best shown by the names his contemporaries gave him, of &quot; gentle George&quot; and &quot; easy Etheredge.&quot; The age upbraided him for inat tention to literature ; and at last, after a silence of eight years, he came forward with one more play, unfortunately his last. The Man of Mode, or Sir Fopling Flutter, indisputably the best comedy of intrigue written in England before the days of Congreve, was acted and printed in 1676, and had an unbounded success. Besides the merit of its plot and wit, it had the personal charm of being supposed to satirize, or at least to paint, persons well known in London. Sir Fopling Flutter was a portrait of Beau Hewit, the reigning exquisite of the hour ; in Dorimant the poet drew the elegant Sir Charles Sedley, and in Medley a portrait of himself ; while even the drunken shoemaker was a real character, who made his fortune from being thus brought into public notice. After this brilliant success Etheredge retired from literature ; his gallantries and his gambling in a few years deprived him of his fortune, and he looked about for a rich match. In 1683 he met with a wealthy elderly widow, who con sented to marry him if he made a lady of her. He accord ingly got himself knighted, and gained her hand and her money, It is said that before this, about 1680, he had been sent on an embassy to Turkey ; it is certain that in 1686 he was appointed resident minister in the Imperial German Court at Ratisbon. He was very uncomfortable in Germany, and solaced himself by writing amusing epistles in prose and verse to his friends in England. In 1688 he published a prose Account of the rejoicing at the Diet of Ratisbon. In 1689 he is believed to have died in Ratisbon in a tragical manner, for whilst conducting a party of friends to the stairs after a banquet at his house, he fell over into the court below and broke his neck. But his death occurred at the moment when England was convulsed with revolution, and no one has preserved the exact date of it. Etheredge deserves to hold a more distinguished place in our literature than has generally been allotted to him. In a dull and heavy age, he inaugurated a period of genuine wit and sprightliness. He invented the comedy of intrigue, and led the way for the masterpieces of Congreve and Sheridan. Before his time the manner of Ben Jonson had prevailed in comedy, and traditional &quot; humours &quot; and typical eccentricities, instead of real characters, had crowded the comic stage. Etheredge paints with a light faint hand, but it is from nature, and his portraits of fops and beaux are simply unexcelled. No one knows better than he how to present a gay young gentleman, a Dorimant, &quot;an unconfinable rover after amorous adventures.&quot; His genius is as light as thistledown ; he is frivolous, without force of conviction, without principle ; but his wit is very sparkling, and his style pure and singularly picturesque. No one approaches Etheredge in delicate touches of dress, furniture, and scene ; he makes the fine airs of London gentlemen and ladies live before our eyes even more vividly than Congreve does ; but he has less insight and less energy than Congreve. Had he been poor or ambitious he might have been to England almost what Moliere was to France, but he was a rich man living at his ease, and he disdained to excel in literature. Etheredge was &quot; a fair, slender, genteel man, but spoiled his countenance with dtinking.&quot; His contemporaries all agree in acknow ledging that he was the soul of affability and sprightly good-nature. There is no recent edition of the works of Sir George Etheredge. A critical collection of them would fill a very important gap in our literature. ETHERIDGE, JOHN WESLEY (1804-1866), a Wes- leyan minister, and a writer on church history and biblical literature, was born near Newport, Isle of Wight, 24th February 1804. He received most of his early education from his father, who was master of an academy at Portsea, which was afterwards removed to Newport. Though ho never attended any university he acquired ultimately a thorough knowledge of Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Syriac, French, and German. In 1824 he was placed on the plan as a local preacher. In 1826 his offer to enter the ministry was accepted, and after probationary trial at Hull, Bingley, Lambeth, and Brighton, he was received into full connexion at the conference of 1831. For two years after this he remained at Brighton, and in 1833 he removed to Corn wall, being stationed successively at the Truro and Falmouth circuits. From Falmouth he removed to Darlaston, where in 1838 his health gave way. For a good many years he was a supernumerary, and in 1843 he took up his resi dence at Paris, where in the public libraries he found great facilities for prosecuting his favourite studies. His health having considerably improved, he, in 1843, became pastor of the Methodist church at Boulogne. He returned to England in 1847, and was appointed successively to the circuits of Islington, Bristol, Leeds, Penzance, Penryn, Truro, and St Anstell in east Cornwall. Shortly after his return to England he received the degrees of M.A. and Ph.D. from the university of Heidelberg. He died at Camborne, May 24, ] 866. His principal works arc Horcc Aramaiccc, (1843) ; History of the Syrian Churches (1847) ; The Apostolic Acts and Epistles, from (he Peshito or Ancient Sijriac (1849); Jerusalem and Tiberias, a Surrey of the Religious and Scholastic learning of the Jews (1856) ; Tht- Taryums of Onkdos and Jonathan ben Uzziel (1st vol. in 1862, 2d in 1865). Seo Memoir, l&amp;gt;y Rev. Thoniley Smith (1871).