Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 8.djvu/387

Rh HISTORY.] forward to repair their omissions. The indirect results of the Crimean war are to be found in the removal of the pressure with which Russia had weighed on the nations of the Continent ; and it may perhaps be fairly argued that the subsequent happy formation of a united Italy and a united Germany were in part rendered possible by the suc cess of England and France under the walls of Sebastopol. For some time after the Crimean war the business of legislation proceeded without any very great shocks. The suppression of a vast military rebellion in India (1857) was followed by the assumption of the direct authority over India by the crown. Though one or two attempts were made to effect an electoral reform, they were wrecked on the apathy or hostility of the nation, and there was general acquiescence in the course pursued by Lord Palmerston s ministry (1859), which, after one half-hearted attempt, refused to proceed further with the measure which it had proposed ; whilst a succession of financial improve ments were carried out by Mr Gladstone, his chancellor of the exchequer. On Lord Palmerston s death (1865), the new Government, with Earl Russell at its head and Mr Gladstone as the leader of the House of Commons, proposed a measure of reform, and resigned on failing to carry it (18GG). Lord Derby succeeded, and Mr Disraeli intro- 3G7 duced an elaborate and complicated measure in the House of Commons. By this time the feeling of the working class had risen, and the necessary impulse was thus given to the House. The measure was modified and amplified, and became the law of the land (18G7). The working class took its place by the side of the middle and upper class. As in 1832, a new spirit was breathed into legislation. The first parliament elected under the uew system (1868) gave a majority against the opinions of the Conservative ministry. Mr Gladstone became prime minister. The Irish Episcopal Church was disestablished, and the Irish land laws reformed. The ballot was applied to parlia mentary elections, a new and improved system of elementary education was set on foot, and the practice of purchasing promotions in the army abolished. But no amount of zeal for improvement will make Englishmen hasty to forget the need of caution and moderation. The time came when the nation was no longer in a reforming mood. Interests of classes and trades were able to make themselves heard. Personal ill-feeling was roused by some members of the ministry, and a new parliament showed a large majority in support of a Conservative ministry (1874). It would not be in place here to discuss the difficulties of the present ur the prospects of the future. (s. R. G.) The second Gladstone minist| y- INDEX TO HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Act of Settlement. 353 Administrative system, 206, 303. 307. Alfred, 2S3; his writings, 285. J.thclfiith, 271. ^Ethe .red, 286. American wars. 356-353. 304. Amiens, peace of, 363. Anderida, 270 Angles, 268, 2611; their settle ments, 270 Anne. 353 Anselm. 303. AquiUine, 302, 306, 318, 319, 321. Architecture. 280, 300, 310, 317, 326. 330. Arthur. 271. A i tides, 338. Attainder. 330. Assemblies, 27(i, 295 314. Bacon, 344. Baeda, 280. Balliol, John. 312; Edward, 318. Barons wai, 311. Becket, Thomas, 304. Bernicia, 270. P.ible. English, 312. Black death, 314 I .ookland, 275 Bretigny. peace of, 318 Bietwaldas, 271. Biihtnoth. 287. Batons. 263. displaced by the ; English, 2C,f, Bruce, Robert, 313. Butke, 357. Csctlmon. 280 Calais lost, 340. Canning. 365 Caroline, Queen, 365 Ceawlin. . 71. Charitable foundations. 343. Charles I.. 340. II., 348. Charter, the Gieat, 306. 309. Chartism, 366 Chivalry. 299. 317. Christianity, conversion to 277-281. Chronicles. English. 26S. 285. Church, 270. 295, 29S, 324, 338 310. Church property, 303, 324, 335 339, 343 Churls. 274, 285. Cistercians. 304. Civil war, the, 347. Cnut, 287. Colleges, 317, 324, 313. Commendation, 274. Commerce, 331, 342 Commons, 297, 307, 314. 32-, 323, 351, 352, impeachment by. 319. Commonwealth, 348. Conquest, English, 266, 267, Norman, 291-301. Conversion to Christianity. 277-281. Corn -laws, 364, 366. Cranmei, 333, 340 Crimean war, 366. Cromwell, Olivet, 347. 348. Cromwell. Thomas, 334-336. Crusades, 296. 309. Danes, invasions of, 283. Declaration of Indulgence, 349, 350. Dcira, 270. Deva, capture of, 271. Discoveries, 331,342. Dissent, 324, 348, 351, 353, 354. Divisions, ecclesiastical, 279, 281; territorial, 272. Domesday, 291. Dunstan, 286. Dutch wars, 349. Eadgar, 286. Eadward the Confesso 1, 289. Earls, 274, 285. Ecgbeilu, 282 Edwaid I., 311 ; II 313; III. 314. 318; IV, 327, V, 32H : VI 338. Elizabeth, 308 340. Englsi ,1 the name 263. 283; kingdom of. formed, 284. Estates, 314. Excriequei, !97 Feudalism, 29C Flambard. 30J. Folkland, 275 293 298 Fox, Charles. 385. Fiance, relations with. 301. 302, 318, 320, 321, 338, 341, 345, 349, 360-364 Free trade, 366. French, use of, 299. 309 316. 325. Friars, 316. Gardiner, Stephen, 333. 339. George I., 354: II., 355 ; 111., 356 ; IV., 364, Germany, relations with, 308. Godwine, 288-290 Government, caoinet, 352. Grand Alliance, 353. Grey ministry. 365. Hanover, House of. 354. Harold, 290 Hengest and Horsa, 269. Henry I., 301. II, 302, 304. III., 306, 310; IV ,320; V, 320. VI., 320, 328. VII.. 328, VIII, 331 Heptarchy the so-called, 269. Heresy. 325. Here ward, 292. High Commission, 341, 346, 347 Hundred Years War, 318. Imperial titles, 284. India, British, 342. 35l5, 359, 361 Inhabitants, early 263. Insular position ol Britain, 264, 265. Ireland, conquest of, 309, 337; dealings with, 359. 362. James I., 34 1 -3 43, II, 350. Jane Grey, 338. John, 306. Judicial system, 297. 307. 322. Jutes, 268; their settlements 269. 270 Kent, settlement in, 269. 270 King s Court. 297 Kingship. 273 281, 285, 298, 322. 329 Land, disposition of, 275, 293 Langton, Stephen. 306. Language, 264, 272, 230, 299, 325, 342 Latin, use of. 280. 299 Laud, archbishop, 34G. Laws and legislation, 276, 278, 285, 295. 303, 307, 315, 316, 32fi, 339 Literature. 280, 285. 300, 309, 326, 330 333, 342. Lollardy, 325. Lords and Commons, 297, 307. 314. 322. Low- Dutch tribes. 267. Manors, 275, 2 J8. Marlborotigh, 353. Mary, 338. Mary of Scotland, 341. Melbourne ministry, 866. Mercia, 270, 2S2. Monasteries, suppression of, 324, 335 Monasticism, 281, 286, 298. 304, 316. Mont fort, Simon of. 310. More, Thomas. 335. Names, personal. 300 Napoleon, struggle against, 36-3 Normandy, 287. 288, 306. Normans and English, 302, 306 Northumbeiland, 270, 271, 282. Offa. 282. Offices of state, 297. Ordeal, 279. Oxford. Provisions of, 311. Parliament, 307/314. 315,321- 324, 329, 336, 346-349. 354. Parliament, the Long, 347. Parliamentary reform, 359, 364, 365. 367 Peasant revolt, 319. Pee!, Sir R., 365 Peerage. 314, 322, 354. Fen da, 278. Peninsular war, 364. Persecutions, 325, 333, 339, 340, 341. Petition of right, 345. Picts, 2C5. Pilgrimage of Grace, 336. Pitt (Earl of Chatham), 356. 357. Pitt, the younger, 358-363 Polity, Teutonic. 272. Popes, resistance to, 306, 324, 333, 334. Piayei-Book, 338, 340. Press, liberty of. 352. Pretendei, the. 354, 355. Primogeniture, 298 Prosper of Aquitaine, 268. Protectorate, 348 Protestantism, 342 Puritans, 340, 343 Reform, parliamentary, 359, 364. 365, 367. Reformation, the, 332. 340. Religion, Teutonic, 266, 267 Restoration, the. 348 Revolution, the, 351; the French, 360. Richard I., 305, II., 319; III. 328. Roman occupation, 263. 264. Roses. Wars of the. 327 St Albans. historians of, 317. Saxons, 268. 2G9, their settle ments, 270. Saxon shore, 268. Scotland, relations with, 2S5, 288, 292, 304 309, 312, 318, 337. 344. 346, 353. Scots, 265. Seven Years War, 866 Ship-money, 34t&amp;gt; Simon of Montfort. 310 Slavery, 274, 285, 342, 365 Social relations. 274, 285. 299. Spain, relations with, 338-340, 342, 344, 352, 355. Star Chamber. 341, 346, 347. Stephen. 302 StrafTord. 347 Taxation, 316, 344, 345. Templars. 317. Test Act, 349, 352 Teutonic settlements, 266 ; Britain, 266 Thegns, 274, 265. Thirty Years War, 344. Thomas, archbishop, 304. Toleration, 348. 351 Tories, 350 : 353. 858, 3.19. Torture. 330. Towns. 276 Trinotia necesritas. 275. 1 ioyes, treaty of, 320 Tudor House of. 328 Ulster, colonization of, 344. Union with Scotland, 353 ; with Ireland. 3C2 Universities. 304, 317. Utrecht, peace of, 353. Victoria, 366 Villainage. 299. 325. Vortigern, 269 Wales, affairs of. 304. 309, 337; conquest of, 311 Wallace. 313. Wai pole. 354. Warfare, 281, 300, 317. Welsh, the name, 26l Wesleyans, 355 Wessex, 270, 282, 284 Whigs. 350, 353, 354, 359 361. Wickliffe, 324. Wilkes, 358 William the Conqueror, 28*- 301. William Rufus. K .V &quot;01, 308 William and Mary. 351. William IV., 365 William the Lion. 309- Witenagcmor, -J76. Wolsey. G34.