Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 8.djvu/187

Rh E M M E M M 177 Tears. Countries emigrated from. To British North Ameiica, To United States, To Australasian Colonies. Tofali. 1820-29 England. ) Ireland ... &amp;gt; Scotland . l Germany ... Prussia Holland .... France Switzerland. Italv 126,616 17,143 51,617 3,151 5,611 142 1,105 7,688 3,148 381 [ 5,17s 1 Sweden and Norway .. I - 91 Total.... 126,616 90,077 5,175 221,868 1830 -39 England . ) Ireland ... / Scotland. ) Germany ... Prussia Holland France Switzerland. Italy 320,766 8,026 159,672 2,575 121,636. 3,131 1,377 39,330 4,430 2 191 ( 53,274 Sweden and Norway... ! 1,149 i i Total.... 320,766 343,517 53,274 717,557 1840-49 England. ) Ireland.. &amp;gt; Scotland . } Germany ... Prussia Holland France Switzerland. Italy 428,376 25,663 646,195 2,873 372,971 12,518 7,624 75,300 4,819 1 212 ( 126,837 i Sweden and Norway... 1 - 12,389 Total ... 428,376 1,161,564 126,837 1,716,777 1850-59 England. Ireland ... Scotland. Germany Prussia Holland.. .. France Switzerland. Italy 258,460 240,921 1,073,065 37,578 935,171 40,901 11,672 82,278 24,423 6,648 498,537 Sweden and Norway... 1 - 22,202 Total ... 258,460 2,474,859 498,537 3,231,856 1860-69 England. Ireland. . . Scotland. Germany ... Prussia Holland France Switzerland. Italy 169,741 167,040 724,513 26,526 741,004 43,685 8,914 38,134 21,278 10 626 287,435 Sweden and Norway... i - 93,732 Total ... 169,741 1,875,452 287,435 2,332,628 Total of the five doc. periods. . 1,303,959 5,945,469 971,258 8,220,686 1 It seems better, for more than simplicity s sake, to give the emigration from the United Kingdom to British North America and Australia, M here, in the gross. It had always more or less of a foreign element not easily separable in the return* from Hie English, Irish, and Scotch ; and there has been n constant inter change of smigrants and Immigrants between Canada and the United States, The preference of emigration to British North America began to yield to the United States in the last five years of the decade 1830-39, when the politics of Canada were much disturbed ; and other causes in the next decennial period gave an impulse in the same direction. But the effect of the potato famine of 1847 in Ireland on the course of emigration that ensued lias probably been rated much beyond its due. It will be observed that the emigration of the Irish to the United States greatly exceeded that of English and Scotch in 1820-29, and was threefold greater in 1830-39 than it had been in 1820-29, while that of English and Scotch had much decreased. Taking into account these phenomena of the preceding twenty years, it is difficult to believe that more than 300,000 of the Irish emigration to the United States in 1840-49 can be accounted for by a failure of potato crops occurring in 1846-7. More than that number of Irish displaced by the famine were absorbed in the industry of England and Scotland, of which the census returns since give abundant proof. If in the following decade, 1850-59, the Irish emigration to the United States rose to the enormous total of 1,073,065, it was accompanied by the no less surprising and much more sudden emigration of 935,171 Germans to the same quarter, pointing to more general causes than a local failure of crops, and showing how fruitfully the nations of the Old World may people the NTew with advantage to their social life, their trade, and their poli tical stability, and to the general well-being. (R. so.) EMMAUS, a village to which, in the narrative of Luke, it is said two of the disciples of Jesus were journeying when he appeared to them on the day of his resurrection. The Authorized Version makes its distance from Jerusalem 60 furlongs, and although some manuscripts read 160, not only is the weight of authority in favour of the shorter distance, but it is impossible that the disciples, starting in the evening, could have walked the longer distance back to Jerusalem, and have still found the eleven gathered together. The only village of the name now remaining near Jerusalem is Emmaus Nicopolis, 20 miles distant,. and from the 4th to the 14th century this village was believed to be the New Testament Emmaus. A tradition, which cannot be traced further back than the 14th century, fixes it at Kubeibeh ; but except that the distance of Kubeibeh from Jerusalem corresponds with that of the village mentioned by Luke, no reason can now be dis covered for the origin of the tradition. A place named Emmaus is mentioned by Josephus as distant from Jerusalem 60 furlongs ; and he states also that the word Emmaus means &quot; warm bath.&quot; The word is supposed to be the Greek form of the Hebrew word Hammath, which has the same meaning. Impressed with these considera tions, Lieutenant Concler, R.N., in the Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund (October 1876), suggests a site for the ancient Emmaus, &quot; the most satisfactory yet proposed.&quot; He points out that Khamasa, the name of a ruin about 8 miles from Jerusalem, is probably an Arabic corruption of Hammath or Ammaus; and this opinion is corroborated by the fact that near the ruin are a spring of clear water and a little pool, with the remains of a email church. (See Zschokke, Das neutestamentliche Emmaus, 1865, and criticism by Menke in Petermann s 3fitth.,1866.) EMMERICH (the ancient Emlrica), a town of Prussia, in the government district of Diisseldorf, is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, and on the railway from Cologne which complicates the matter still more. A surer test of the force of the respcc five emigrations np to the latest period is the number of alien-born inhabitants at the last census. In the Pominion of Canada at the census of 1871 there were 219.451 native-born Irish, 144,999 English and Welsh, 121,074 Scotch, 64.447 United States Americans, and 24,162 Germans. In the principal Australian colony Victoria at the census of the same year there were 164.2S7 native- born &quot;English, 6614 Wel&amp;gt;h, 56.210 Scotch, 100.468 Iri&amp;lt;h, J-995 Germans, and nearly the same number of all other Europeans as of Germans. VIII. 2.