Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 8.djvu/141

Rh thus exposed gradually yielded to the inﬂuence of the weather, and in 1711 the great central tower fell to the ground. It remained in a neglected state till about 1820, when it was taken possession of in the name of the Crown by the Commissioners of \Voods and Forests. The cathe- dral is now well inclosed, and every attention paid to its preservation from further decay. Adjoining are the ruins of the town house of the bishops of Moray, whose ofﬁcial residence was Spynie Palace, situated about three miles to the north. The Museum, already mentioned, contains, besides objects from various parts of the world, a very complete collection illustrating the natural history and antiquities of the county, chieﬂy formed through the zeal and activity of a band of local workers.

Ground-plan of Elgin Cathedral.

The trade of Elgin is largely connected with its weekly and other markets. It has, however, two woollen manu- factories, a tanwork, one or two small iron foundries, two breweries, and some other industrial establishments. Its port is Lossiemouth, with which it is connected by railway, but it has likewise railway communication with Burghead. The railway from Aberdeen to Inverness passes the town, and a branch line strikes off southwards here that traverses Strathspey. There are several newspapers, one of which is published twice a week ; and, besides a circulating library aml book clubs, Elgin has a literary and scientiﬁc society in connection with the Museum. Attracted by early associations, by the salubrity of its climate, or by other advantages it enjoys, not a few gentlemen of independent means make it their home. The municipal corporation of the burgh and city of Elgin consists of a provost, 4 bailies, and 12 councillors ; and, along with Banff, Cullen, Inverurie, Kintore, and Pcterhead, it returns one member to the imperial parliament. Population in 1871, 7340,; parliamentary constituency in 187 7—8, 918.

1em 1em (undefined)  ELGIN,, (1766–1841), was born July 20, 1766, and succeeded his brother in the Scotch earldoms of Elgin and Kincardine when only seven of age. He was educated at Harrow and Westminster, and, after studying for some time at the university of StAndrews, he proceeded to the Continent, where he prosecuted the study of international law at Paris, and of military science in Germany. When his education was completed he entered the army, in which he rose to the rank of general. His chief attention was, however, devoted to diplomacy. In 1792 he was appointed envoy at Brussels, and in 1795 envoy extraordinary at Berlin; and from 1799 to 1802 he was envoy extraordinary at the Porte. It was during his stay at Constantinople that he formed the purpose of removing from the celebrated sculptures now known as the Elgin Marbles. His doing so was censured by some as vandalism, and doubts were also expressed as to the artistic value of many of the marbles; but he completely vindicated himself in a pamphlet published in 1810, and entitled Memorandum on the Subject of the Earl of Elgin’s Pursuits in Greece. In 1816 the collection was purchased by the nation for £36,000, and placed in the British Museum, the outlay incurred by Lord Elgin having been more than £50,000. Lord Elgin was a Scotch representative peer for fifty years. He died at Paris, November 14, 1841.  ELGIN AND KINCARDINE, , (1811–1863), was the eighth earl of Elgin and twelfth earl of Kincardine in the peerage of Scotland, and the ﬁrst Baron Elgin in that of the United Kingdom. The eldest son of Thomas, the seventh earl, by his second marriage he was born in 1811, and succeeded to the peerage in 1841. He was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he had as companions and rivals his younger predecessors in the office of governor-general of India, Dalhousie and Canning. Mr Gladstone also was one of his juniors at both school and college, and recalls the circumstance that it. was from young Bruce he “ ﬁrst learned that llilton had written any prose.” As a young man he came into contact wrth Dr Chalmers, who induced him to speak in public on church extension, and it was to Chalmers’s sermon on the “ Expul- sive Power of a 1New Affection ” that he turned on his death- bed, repeatingmany passages from it in the last hour. He sat in the House of Commons for Southampton long enough to attach him to the constitutional principles now described