Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 7.djvu/588

566 Prince Frederick of Prussia, and afterwards of the prince of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen. In the number of inhabitants was about 8000; by  it was over 23,000. The census of gave 41,290 (of which 3376 were military) ; that of, 69,348.

1em  DUTENS, (–), a French writer of some celebrity, was born at Tours, of Protestant parents, January 15,. In his youth he devoted himself to poetry; and in he composed a tragedy, entitled The Return of Ulysses to Ithaca, which failed in Paris, but was represented with great applause at Orleans. The author, however, soon became sensible of the faults of his work, and abandoned a species of composition in which he found he was not destined to excel. He soon afterwards went to England with an introduction to Pitt, which he had received from a sister of the statesman. His first residence in London was brief, but he soon returned and obtained a situation as tutor in a private family. The father of the pupil was a man of considerable literary and scientific attainments, who instructed him in those branches of knowledge in which he was deficient. In this manner he learnt Greek and mathematics, and studied the Oriental languages, and Italian and Spanish. Soon after the termi nation of this engagement he was appointed chaplain and secretary to Mr Mackenzie, the English minister at the court of Turin, and left England in October. In, when Mr Mackenzie returned to England, the secretary remained at Turin as charge&quot; d affaires, until , when he returned to England and attached himself to the family of Lord Bute, who, before retiring from office in, procured him a pension. He again went to Turin as charge d'affaires ; and during this second mission he under took the task of collecting and publishing a complete edition of the works of Leibnitz (Geneva, 6 vols. ) and wrote his work on the Discoveries of the Ancients. On again returning to England he attached himself to the duke of Northumberland, who procured him the living of Elsdon, in Northumberland. He accompanied the duke s son, Lord Algernon Percy, in his travels through France, Italy, Germany, and Holland ; and while at Paris he was chosen a member of the Academy of Inscriptions, in. In he was made a fellow of the Royal Society. In he returned to England, and soon afterwards accompanied Mr Mackenzie and his wife on a tour to Naples. On his return Dutens was invited by Lord Mountstuart, who had been appointed envoy extraordinary, to accompany him to Turin, and found himself for the third time charge d'affaires at that court, during a short absence of the envoy. From Turin he went to Florence, and thence to Rome. He was in Paris in, and returned to London. The revenue he derived from his living amounting to /800 per annum, together with a considerable legacy left him by Mr Mackenzie, and estimated at /15,000, enabled him to pass the remainder of his life in affluence. He died at London, May 23,.

1em  DUTROCHET, (–), a French physiologist and natural philosopher, was born at Chateau de Neon, Poitou, November 14,, and died at Paris. February 4,. In he entered the military marine at Rochefort. which, however, he soon deserted to join the Vendean army. In he began the study of medicine at Paris ; and in he was made physician to Joseph Bonaparte, king of Spain. Appointed chief physician to the hospital at Burgos, he distinguished himself during the prevalence of typhus in that city. lie returned in to France, where he devoted himself to the study of the natural sciences. The number of his scientific publications, which relate to a great variety of topics, is very great. His Recherches sur I accroissement et la reproduction des vegetaux, published in the Memoir es du Museum d llistoire naturelle for, procured him in the French Academy s prize for experimental physiology. In appeared his Memoires pour servir a I histoire anatomique et physiologique des vcgetaux et des animaux, a collection of all his biological papers of any importance.  DUVAL, (–), a French economist, was born at llodez, in the department of Aveyron, received his early education at the college of St Geniez d Olt, passed as advocate at the age of twenty-three, and for eight held an official position first at St Affrique and afterwards in his native town. On the pacification of Algeria he took an active part in the foundation of the Union Agricole d Afrique; and in he established an agricultural colony in the plain of Siz. Obliged by ill health to abandon in the personal charge of the enterprise, ho did not leave the country, but in  became editor of the Echo d Oran, and from to  acted as member and secretary of the general council of the province of Oran. Removing to Paris in, he there devoted him self to the literary exposition of his views ; and among numerous other enterprises founded and edited till his death the ficonomute Francais, a weekly periodical devoted to the treatment of all matters connected with colonization and social reform, which bore his favourite device of libre et harmonique essor des forces. He was killed at Plessis-les- Tours in a railway accident on the 20th of September , while on his way to his native town.

1em