Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 7.djvu/572

552 After several battles, in which the advantage was generally on the side of the French, a decisive engagement took place near Catania, on the 20th April, when the Dutch fleet was totally routed and De Ruyter mortally wounded. The greater part of the defeated fleet was afterwards burned in the harbour of Palermo, where it had taken refuge, and tho French thus secured the undisputed com mand of the Mediterranean. For this important service Duquesne received a letter of thanks from Louis XIV., together with the title of marquis and the estate of Bouchet. Owing to his being a Protestant, however, his professional ronk was not advanced. His last achievements were the bombardment of Algiers (–), in order to effect the deliverance of the Christian captives and the bombardment of Genoa in. On the revocation of the Edict of Nantes Duquesne lost his commission, but he was specially excepted from banishment. He died at Paris on the 2d February.  DURAN, (–), one of the leaders of the literary movement in Spain during the present century, was born at Madrid, where 1m father held the post of court physician. He lost his mother in childhood, and, instead of being educated in the capital, was sent to the seminary at Yergara, rather to gain strength and health than such mathematics and Latin as his clerical teachers could supply. Thence he returned a firm believer in ghosts, and erudite in the traditions of Spanish romance. In he joined the university of Seville for the study of philosophy and law, and in due course was admitted an advocate at Valladolid. From to  he held a post in the direccion general de estudios at Madrid ; but in the latter year he was discarded on account of his political opinions, and it was not till that he received a new appointment as secretary of the board for the censorship of the press, shortly afterwards supplemented by a post in the National Library at Madrid. The revolution of again led to his dismissal; but he recovered his position in, and in  attained the rank of director of the library. , however, he retired, and the rest of his life was devoted to his literary work. He died in. It was in , shortly after his first discharge from oflice, that he published liis discourse on the influence which modern criticism had exercised on the ancient Spanish theatre (Discorso sobre U influjo que ha tenido la critica moderna en la decadencia del teatro antiguo) ; and, though the work was anonymous, it produced a marvellous effect on the tendencies of the national drama. He next endeavoured to make better known to his fellow-countrymen those half-forgotten treasures of their literature, in the collection of which he had spared neither money nor toil. Five volumes of a Romancero general appeared from to  (republished, with considerable additions and improvements, in 2 vols. –), and Talia espafwla, or a collection of old Spanish comedies, in 3 vols., in. As an original poet the author is best known by a poem in imitation of the style of the, entitled Las ires toronjas del vergel de amor, or &quot; The Three Citron Trees of the Orchard of Love.&quot;  DURANDUS, (–), otherwise or, was born at Puimisson, sometimes written Puimoisson, a small town in the diocese of Beziers, in Languedoc, whence he is sometimes described as a native of Provence. He studied law under Bernardus of Parma, in the university of Bologna, where he was promoted to the degree of doctor. He shortly afterwards migrated to the university of Modena, where he became so famous by his lectures on the canon law that he attracted the notice of Pope Clement IV., who appointed him auditor of the palace, and subsequently subdeacon and chaplain. In he accompanied Pope Gregory X. as his secretary to the Council of Lyons, which is reckoned as the fourteenth general council, and under the puntificates of several subsequent popes filled many highly responsible offices. He was appointed in spiritual and temporal legate of the patrimony of St Peter under Pope Nicholas III., and in took possession, in the name of the same Pope, of the provinces of Bologna and Romagna. In Pope Martin IV. named him vicar spiritual, and in governor of the temporalities of the two provinces, in which office he had the direction of the war against the rebellious province of Romagna. The town of Castrum Riparum Urbanatium having been burnt down during the war, he rebuilt it, and renamed it Castrum Durantis. Pope Urban VIII. subsequently gave to this town the name of Urbania, which it bears in the present day. Pope Honorius IV. retained Durandus in the same offices until the end of, when his election to the bishopric of Meude, in Languedoc, was the occasion of his retiring for a short time from the conduct of civil affairs. Duraudus, however, appears to have remained in Italy, and to have revised at this time several of his works. He refused in the archbishopric of Ravenna, which was offered to him by Pope Boniface VIII., and accepted in preference the more arduous office of governor of the province of Romagna and of the march of Ancona. The party of the Ghibellines, however, carried on hostilities against the Holy See with so much vigour that he found his strength unequal to the exigencies of government ; and, having resigned his office, he retired to Rome, where he died on 1st November .

1em  DURANGO, a town of Spain, in the province of Biscay 16 miles south-east of Bilbao, at the confluence of the Durango and the Manaria. As a military position of some importance it is often mentioned in history ; its church of San Pedro de Tavira is one of the earliest in the Biscayan district ; and that of Santa Ana has some interesting altars constructed by Ventura Rodriguez in. The 