Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 7.djvu/568

548 his vessel was wrecked at the Malouin Islands. In 1822 he attained the rank of lieutenant, and was intrusted with the command of the &quot; Coquille,&quot; which during the next three years was engaged in scientific explorations in the South Pacific and along the coasts of South America. From this voyage he brought back not only great additions to cartography and important data in regard to the currents of the Pacific, but also numerous pendulum observations, serv ing to determine the magnetic equator, and to prove the equality of the flattening of the two hemispheres. During the rest of his life he devoted himself mainly to the investiga tion of terrestrial magnetism ; and the value of his labours was recognized by his admission into the Academie des Sciences in 18-42. He died in August 1865.

1em  DUPERRON, (1556-1618), a celebrated French cardinal, was born at St L6, in Normandy, November 15, 1556. His father was educated fora physician, but on embracing the doctrines of the Reformation became a Protestant minister, and to escape persecution settled at Bern, in Switzerland. Here Jacques Davy received his education, being taught Latin and mathematics by his father, and learning without the aid of any one Greek and Hebrew and the philosophy which was then in vogue. At twenty years of a^o he came to Paris, and was presented to the king by the count of Matignon ; and, after he had abjured Protestantism, being again presented by Philip Desportes, abbot of Tiron, as a young man without equal for knowledge and talent, he was appointed reader to the king. He was commanded to preach before the king at the convent of Vincennes, when the success of his sermon on the love of G od, and of a funeral oration on the poet Ronsard, induced him to take orders. On the death of Mary Queen of Scots he was chosen to pronounce her eulogy, which, though it contained an attack on Elizabeth of England that the king thought it prudent to disavow, tended to advance both the ecclesiastic s fame and fortune. When the Cardinal de Bourbon, at the end of Henry III. s reign, plotted to secure to himself the throne to the prejudice of Henry IV., Duperron is accused of Having joined in the plot and re vealed to Henry IV. its secrets. However that may be, when the plot failed, and Henry IV. mounted the throne, Duperron enjoyed the favour of that monarch, and in 1591 was created by him bishop of Evreux. He con verted Henry to the Catholic religion ; and, after the taking of Paris, accompanied the Cardinal d Ossat to Rome to obtain the removal of the interdict which had been passed upon France. On his return to his diocese, his zeal and eloquence were largely instrumental in with standing the progress of Calvinism, and among others hs converted Henry Sponde, who became bishop of Pamiers, and the Swiss general Sancy. His success attracted the attention of the church, and he was chosen to represent it at the conference at Fontainebleau in 1600. In 1604 he was sent to Rome as &quot;charge d affaires de France;&quot; and, having hardly arrived when Clement VIII. died, he largely contributed by his eloquence to the election of Leo XI. to the papal throne, and, on the death of Leo twenty-four days after, to the election of Paul V. While still at Rome he was named archbishop of Sens, and the same year was made a cardinal. He died at Paris, Sept. 6, 1618. Duperron was a zealous defender of the infallibility and power of the Pope, and of his superiority over a general council. He was pos sessed of immense energy, and of a ready and convincing eloquence, which he could make available for whatever opinions he thought it prudent to adopt; and, if he did not form his opinions solely with a view to his advancement, they certainly adapted themselves in each case with remarkable appropriateness to the different emergencies and turning points of his life. His works were collected after his death, and published in three volumes in 1622-23.  DUPIN, (1783-1865), commonly called Dupin the Elder, a celebrated French advocate, president of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Legislative Assembly, was born at Varzy, in Nievre, on the 1st February 1783. He was educated by his father, who was a lawyer of eminence, and at an early age he became principal clerk of an attorney at Paris. On the establish ment of the Academie de Legislation he entered it as pupil from Nievre. In 1800 he was made advocate, and in 1802, when the schools of law were opened, he received successively the degrees of licentiate and doctor from the new faculty. He was in 1810 an unsuccessful candidate for the chair of law at Paris, and in 1811 he also failed to obtain the office of advocate-general at the court of cassation. About this time he was added to the commission charged with the classification of the laws of the empire, and, after the interruption caused by the events of 1814 and 1815, was charged with the sole care of that great work. When he entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1815 he at once took an active part in the debates, and strenuously opposed the election of the son of Napoleon as emperor after his father s abdication. At the election after the second restoration Dupin was not re-elected. He defended with great intrepidity the principal political victims of the reaction, among others, in conjunction with Berryer, Marshal Ney; and in October 1815 boldly published a tractate entitled Libre Defense des Accuses. In 1827 he was again elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and in 1830 took part in counselling the revolution, and in exhorting the citizens to resistance. In August of that year he became a member of Louis Philippe s cabinet, and more than any one else contributed to the formation of the new regime. At the end of 1832 he became president of the chamber, which office he held succesively for eight years. On Louis Philippe s abdication in 1848 Dupin introduced the young count of Paris into the chamber, and proposed him as king with the duchess of Orleans as regent. This attempt failed, but Dupin submitted to circumstances, and, retaining the office of procureur-general, his first act was to decide that justice should henceforth be rendered to the &quot; name of the French people.&quot; In 1849 he was elected a member of the Assembly, and became president of the principal committee that on legislation. After the coup d etat of 2d December 1851 he still retained his office of procurenr- geueral, and did not demit it till effect was given to the decrees confiscating the property of the house of Orleans. In 1857 he was offered his old office by the emperor, and accepted it, explaining his acceptance in a discourse, a sen tence of which may be employed to describe his whole political career. &quot; I have always,&quot; he said, &quot; belonged to France and never to parties.&quot; He died 8th November 1865. Among Dupin s works, which are numerous, may be men tioned Principia Juris Civilis, 5 vols. (1806) ; Memoir fs et plaidoyers de 1806 a^u l er Janvier 1830, in 20 vols. ; and Memoires ou souvenirs du barrfau, in 4 vols. 1855-57.  DUPIN, (1657-1719), a celebrated French ecclesiastical historian, belonged to a noble family in Normandy, and was born at Paris on the 17th June 1657. He received his early education from his father, and had scarcely reached his tenth year when he entered the college of Harcourt, where he graduated as M.A. in 1672. Determining to adopt the ecclesiastical profession, lie became a pupil of the Sorbonne, and received tbe degre of B.D. in 1680, and that of D.D. in 1684. About this time he con ceived the idea of a Bibliotheque Universdle de tons lei 