Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 7.djvu/554

534 burgh after the Battle of Preston pans. This painting secured his election as an associate of the Royal Academy in 1843. In that same year he produced his no less famous picture of Charles Edward asleep after Culloden, protected by Flora Macdonald, which, like many other of his pieces, has been often engraved. In 1844 appeared his Cupid and his Martyrdom of John Brown of Priesthill, the last effort of his pencil, with the exception of a portrait of himself, now in the National Gallery in Edinburgh. He particularly excelled in his portraits of ladies and children. He died at Edinburgh, May 25, 1845.  DUNDALK, a parliamentary borough, seaport, and market-town of Ireland, county Louth, on the south bank of tie Castletown river, near its mouth in Dundalk Bay, 50 miles north of Dublin. It consists of one long street intersected by several shorter ones. The parish church is an old and spacious edifice with a curious wooden steeple covered with copper ; and the Roman Catholic chapel is a handsome building in the style of King s College Chapel, Cambridge. The other public buildings that may be noted are the Exchange Buildings (containing the town hall and a free library), the county court house and prison, the union workhouse and infirmary, and the cavalry barracks. There are several educational establishments in the town. The municipal government is in the hands of town com missioners, and the port is under the control of harbour commissioners. The county assizes are held in the town, as well as quarter and petty sessions ; and it returns one member to Parliament. A brisk trade, chiefly in agricul tural and dairy produce, is carried on, and the town con tains some manufactories. Distilling and brewing are the principal industrial works, and there are besides a flax and jute spinning mill, salt works, &c. The port and harbour of Dundalk have recently been undergoing. extensive improvements. The course of the river has been straitened, and the bar and harbour deepened, so that vessels of con siderable draught can now come up to the town. In the reign of Edward II. Dundalk was a royal city, and Edward Bruce proclaimed himself king there in 1315. Popula tion in 1851,9995; and m 1871, 11,377. Area, 1386 acres.  DUNDAS,. See.  DUNDEE, a royal and parliamentary burgh and sea port, is situated on the east coast of Scotland, in the county of Forfar, on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, twelve miles from the confluence of that estuary with the German Ocean. It is the third town in Scotland as regards population, and the second in commercial importance. Its latitude is 56 27 N., its longitude 2 58 W. ; it is distant from Edinburgh 42 miles N.N.E., from Perth 22 miles E., and from Forfar, the county-town, 1 4 miles S. It extends nearly three miles along the shores of the Tay, and varies in breadth from half a mile to a mile; and the ground gradually rises towards the hill of Balgay and Dundee Law, the summit of the latter being 535 feet above the sea-level. Its general appearance is pleasing and picturesque, and the surround ing scenery very beautiful.

Plan of Dundee. 1. Barracks. 2. Volunteer Drill Hall. 3. Prison and Sheriff Court Buildings. 4. High School. 6. Albert Institute. 6. Post-Office. 7. Town Churches and old Steeple. 8. Town House. 9. Theatre. 10. Music Hall. 11. Custom House. VI. New Graving Dock

Dundee is the chief seat of the linen manufacture in Britain, and from a very early time appears to have had a special reputation in this branch of industry. Hector Boece, a native of the town, in his History and Croniklis of Scotland, thus quaintly refers to it : &quot; Dunde, the toun quhair we wer born ; quhair mony virtewus and lauborius pepill ar in, making of claith.&quot; It was not, however, till the introduction of steam power, in the beginning of the present century, that there was any remarkable develop ment of flax-spinning in Dundee. The first work of importance was the Bell Mill (which is still extant), built in 1806 ; and the first power-loom factory was erected in 1836. Side by side with the extension of the linen trade has been that of jute spinning and weaving. Larga cargoes of this material are imported into Dundee direct from India, and it is manipulated on an enormous scale. In fact, the manufacture of flax, hemp, and jute fabrics constitutes the staple trade of the town, and supports, directly or indirectly, the great bulk of the inhabitants. There are upwards of seventy steam spinning-mills and power-loom factories, employing above 50,000 persons. Some of these buildings are of great size and considerable architectural elegance, those of Messrs Baxter, Messrs Cox, and Messrs Gilroy being especially conspicuous. These three afford employment to above 12,000 hands. The principal textile productions are osnaburgs, dowlas, canvas, sheetings, bagging, jute carpeting, &amp;lt;fec. ; and the total value of these fabrics annually produced has been estimated at upwards of 7,000,000. Among the other industries of Dundee may be mentioned ship-building, engineering, tanning, and leather manufactures (including shoemaking by machinery), all of which are conducted on a large scale. There are also considerable foundries, breweries, corn and flour mills, and confectionery and fruit- preserving works Messrs Keiller &amp;lt;fe Son s &quot; Dundee marmalade &quot; having a most extensive reputation. The prosperity of Dundee is in a large measure due to its commodious harbour and its magnificent docks. The harbour works extend about two miles along the river side, and the docks, five in number, cover an area of 35 acres. Although they cannot compare in extent with those of London^ or Liverpool, they are probably unsurpassed in the kingdom for stability and convenience. They have cost, from 1815, when the works were begun, to May 1877, 800,000 ; and the harbour revenue amounted in 1876 to 50,751. The principal imports for year ending May 1876 were