Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 7.djvu/522

502 1em 1em 1em 1em 1em 1em 1em  DUBNO, a town in European Russia, at the head of a department in the government of Volhynia, 154 miles west of Zhitomir, in 50 25 N. lat. and 25 44 E. long. Occupying a peninsula formed by the River Ivka, it is almost surrounded by water and marsh ; and in its eastern corner it is defended by a somewhat dilapidated citadel separated by dry ditches from the rest of the town. It also possesses five Greek churches, of which two the Transfiguration and the Exaltation of the Holy Rood were formerly monasteries; it has also a Roman Catholic church and convent, a Jewish synagogue, a hospital for poor Jews, and various other Jewish institutions. Beer, mead, tobacco, bricks, and leather are all manufactured in the town ; but? a large number of the inhabitants, who are mainly of Jewish blood, obtain their living in other places.

1em  DUBOFKA, a burgh in European Russia, in the government of Saratoff, about 32 J miles to the KN.W. of Tsaritzin, on the right bank &quot;of the Volga, near its reception of the river Dubofka, and on the post-road to Astrakhan. With the exception of about 200, all its houses are built of wood ; but among its public buildings it numbers four Greek churches, a prison, a large public school, and a hospital capable of containing several hundred patients. Besides leather, tallow, soap, and tobacco, its inhabitants manufacture mustard on a large scale, obtaining the seed partly from their own fields and partly from other districts. They had formerly a very extensive share in the transport trade between the Volga and the Don, which was largely carried on by means of oxen, and supported a number of auxiliary crafts ; but the opening of the railway about 1860 struck a sudden and fatal blow at the whole traffic. A great fair, lasting for a whole month, is held in the town every year, and produces a circulation of about 1,000,000 rubles, or upwards of 141,000. Dubofka, already in existence at an earlier date, was colonized by Cossacks in 1 743, and became their chief settlement on the- Volga, the residence of their ataman, and the seat of their military chancery. In 1770 it -was fortified with wooden ramparts by Talk. Having given its support to the insur rection of Pugacheff, it was punished by the removal of 517 of its inhabitants to the Caucasus, where they formed a separate polk, or regiment. Their place was supplied by immigrants from the neighbouring governments and the country of the Little Russians, who were soon led by the advantages of their position to devote themselves exclusively to trade. Population in 1873, 12,737.  DUBOIS, (1656-1723), cardinal, arch bishop of Cambray, and first minister of France, was born at Brives-la-Gaillarde, in Limousin, September 6, 1 656. He was the son of an apothecary, and at twelve years of age was sent to Paris to study in the college of St Michael, where he at the same time served in the household of the principal. He then engaged himself as a private tutor, and at length was appointed preceptor to the young duko of Chartres, afterwards the regent duke of Orleans. Astute, ambitious, and unrestrained by conscience, Dubois ingratiated himself with his pupil, and, while he gave him 