Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 7.djvu/491

Rh 1727 for the education of freemen s sons. The present building was erected by T. P. Cairnes in 1870. The industrial establishments comprise a large cotton factory, erected by Mr Whitwortli in 1864, four extensive saw mills, three flax-mills, six flour-mills, eight tanneries, five salt-works, four soap works, two extensive breweries, two newspaper offices, chemical manure works, and a large engineering factory for the making of steam-engines, iron - bridges, (fee. A brisk trade is carried on, especially with Liverpool (which is distant 133 miles due east), and with Glasgow. The harbour has been greatly improved by the commissioners, and vessels of 400 tons can discharge at the quays. In 1873, 707, with a burden of 115,673 tons, entered the port ; and the harbour receipts in 1871 were .3627. The tide reaches 2-|- miles above the town to Oldbridge ; and barges of 50 tons burden can proceed 1 9 miles inland to Navan. The river is crossed by a bridge for ordinary traffic, and by a splendid railway viaduct. Assizes, quarter sessions, and petty sessions are held in the town ; the parliamentary borough returns one member to Parliament ; and the municipal borough is governed by a mayor, 6 aldermen, and 18 councillors. The population of the municipal borough (area, 454 acres) was 17,365 in 183], 16,845 in 1851, 14,740 in 1861, and 13,510 in 1871. The whole population, with the exception of about 1100, are Koman Catholics. The inhabitants of the parliamentary burgh, which has an area of 5785 acres, numbers 16,165.

1em 1em  DROHOBYCZ, a town of Austria, in the Galician circle of Sambor, on the Tysminika, a right-hand affluent of the Dniester, at the junction of a branch line from Boryslaff with the main Galician railway. It possesses a castle, a beautiful Roman Catholic church, a synagogue, and a German high school ; and its inhabitants, who number up wards of 12,000, deal in cattle, grain, earthenware, leather, and salt, the last being obtained from the local brine- wells.  DROITWICH, a municipal and a parliamentary borough of England, in Worcestershire, on the Salwarpe, a left-hand tributary of the Severn, about seven miles by rail N.N.E. of Worcester. With the exception of its modern exten sions, the town is built in a straggling and irregular fashion ; but it numbers among its public edifices a court- chamber and market-house, two churches St Andrew s and St Peter s several chapels, and a hospital established by Lord Keeper Coventry, the revenues of which maintain about forty men and women, and educate about 100 young persons of both sexes. The principal occupation is the manufacture of the salt obtained from the brine springs, or ivyches, to which the town probably owes both its name and its origin ; and the annual quantity obtained is about 116,000 tons. These springs were known to the Romans, who had a station on the spot, as was shown by the remains of a villa, with some interesting and valuable relics, dis covered during the formation of the Oxford and Wolver- hampton railway. In Domesday-book mention is made of a tax levied on the salt, which must consequently have been manufactured in the 1 1th century. A charter was bestowed on Droitwich by King John. The population of the muni cipal borough, with its area of 1849 acres, was 3504 in 1871 ; that of the parliamentary borough, with its area of 27,577^acres, was 9510.  DRÔME, a department in the south-east of France, formed of parts of Dauphine and Provence, is bounded W. by the Rhone, which separates it from Ardkche, N. and N.E. by Isere, E. by Hautes-Alpes, S.E. by Basses-Alpes, and S. by Vaucluse, and lies between 44 8 and 45 20 25&quot; N. lat. and 4 41 and 5 55 E. long. To the east it is covered by spurs of the maritime Alps, one of the largest of which forms part of its eastern boundary, and throws off ridges, mostly wooded, that run east and west with tolerable regularity. These ridges divide the department in its whole extent into three great valleys, having a general slope west wards to the Rhone, namely, that of the Isere in the north, that of the Drome, which occupies the central portion of the province, and that of the Aygues, in the south. The Rhone and Isere are both navigable. The former receives the whole of the drainage of the department. The soil consists of clays and argillaceous sand with rolled pebbles. Irrigation canals are numerous, and are skilfully managed. The climate, except in the valleys bordering the Rhone, is rather cold, but on the whole bracing and healthy. Snow is visible on the mountain-tops during the greater part of the year. The principal forest-trees are the pine, beech, and oak. In the valleys flourish the olive, chestnut, vine, almond, mulberry, nut, and other fruit trees, and wheat and madder are grown. Black truffles are abundant. Besides agriculture the principal industries are the rearing of silk worms and sheep, and the manufacture of wines, the best of which are the red and white Ermitage, of woollen, cotton, and dyed linen goods, spun and woven silk, paper, oil, ropes, earthenware, and leather. The wool and wood trades are considerable. The mineral products include iron, copper, lead, lignite, marble, granite, black and red potter s clay, millstones, chalk, and cement-stone. Drome is divided into the arrondissements of Valence, Die, Montelimart, and Nyons, comprising 29 cantons and 366 communes. The capital is Valence. Of the total area of 652,155 hectares (1,610,823 acres) about 514,227 acres are arable, 415,866 under wood, 329,961 heath, 58,430 vineyards, and 49,203 meadow. The population in 1872 was 320,417.  DROMEDARY. See, ,. 