Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 7.djvu/363

Rh anti-Christian rationalism has been frequently disputed; by the principal Protestants of his own time he was not recognized, and by Calvin he is formally condemned, along with Agrippa and his master Villanova, as having uttered execrable blasphemies against the ; but, to judge by the religious character of a large number of the books which he translated or published, such a condemnation is altogether misplaced. His repeated advocacy of the reading of the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue is especially noticeable.

1em  DOLGELLY, a and  of, North, situated at the junction of the  with the , and at the northern base of , 19 s S.W. of  and 9 s E. of , with both of which it is connected by. The consists of a series of small squares and narrow s, the  being  of. It contains a,  ,  , and. An old, described as the House, is said to have been the place in which  assembled his  in. Dolgelly, which is the principal of, forms a local  district. There is an inconsiderable of coarse  and  carried on by the inhabitants. in, 2357.  DOLLOND, (–), the celebrated, was the son of a, a - at , where he was born,  10,. He was early trained to, but made leisure for the acquisition of a knowledge of , , , , the elements of , and other subjects. In he abandoned - in order to join his son Peter, who had entered upon business as an  instrument-maker in Vine Court, and before long he became universally celebrated as an. His last and most important contribution to the Philosophical Transactions, for which he, in, received the of the , gave a description of the various s, begun early in , on the combined effect of  and s and es of , by which he was led to the discovery of a means of constructing achromatic es. Sir Isaac Newton had stated in his Optics “that all refracting substances diverged the atic s in a constant proportion to their mean ,” and consequently “that could not be produced without ,” for which reason “no improvement could be expected in the .” Dollond, however, found that as  causes a greater dispersion in proportion to its  power than, achromatic  images could be obtained by using a combination of a doubly   of  with a doubly   of. As the two es to be combined were the segments of s of considerable, the aberrations from their surfaces were very great, but by varying the surfaces he was enabled to make the aberrations equal, so that, as the s of the two glasses were contrary, they corrected each other. In Dollond was appointed  to the, and became a fellow of the  on  30th of , whilst reading a  by Clairaut on the theory of the , he had an attack of , of which he died in a few s.

1em  DOLOMIEU, (1750–1801), a celebrated geologist and mineralogist, was born at Dolornieu, near Tour-du-Pin, in the department of Isere in France, June 24, 1750. He was admitted in his infancy a member of the Order of Malta. When in his 19th year he quarrelled with a knight of the galley on which he was serving, and in the duel that ensued killed him. In consonance with the statutes of his order, Dolomieu was condemned to death for his crime, but in consideration of his youth the grand master granted him a pardon, which, at the instance of Cardinal Torrigiani, was confirmed by Pope Clement XIII., and after nine months imprisonment he was set at liberty. Throughout that period he had solaced himself with the study of the physi cal sciences, and during his subsequent residence at Metz he continued to devote himself to them. In 1775 he pub lished his Recherclies sur la pesanteur des corps a di/erentes distances du centre de la tcrre, and two Italian translations of mineralogical treatises by Cronstedt and Bergmann. These works gained for him the honour of election as a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. To obtain leisure to follow his favourite pursuits Dolomieu now threw up the commission which, since the age of fifteen, he had held in the carabineers, and in 1777 he accompanied the bailli De Rohan to Portugal. In the following year he visited Spain, and in 1780 and 1781 Sicily and the adjacent islands. Two months of the year 1782 were spent in examining the geological structure of the Pyrenees, and in 1783 the earthquake of Calabria induced him to go to Italy. The scientific results of these excursions are given in his Voyage aux Ues de Lipari ; Memoire sur le tremblement de terre de la Calabre ; Memoire sur les Ues Ponces, et catalogue raisonne des produits de I Etna, and other works. In 1789 and 1790 he busied himself with an examination of the Alps, his observations on which form the subject of numerous memoirs published in the Journal de Physique. The mineral dolomite, which was named after him, was first described by Dolomieu in 1791. He returned to France in that year, bringing with him rich collections of minerals. On September 14, 1792, the Due de la Rochefoucault, with whom he had been for twenty years on terms of the closest intimacy, was assassinated at Forges, and Dolomieu retired with the widow and daughter of the duke to their estate of Roche Guyon, where he wrote several important scientific papers. The events of the 9th Thermidor (July 27, 1794) having restored the country to some tranquillity, Dolomieu recom menced his geological tours, and visited various parts of France with which he had been previously unacquainted. He was in 1796 appointed engineer and professor at the school of mines, and was chosen a member of the Institute at the time of its formation. At the end of 1797 he joined the scientific staff which in 1798 accompanied Bonaparte s expedition to Egypt. He had proceeded up the Nile as far as Cairo when ill health made his return to Europe necessary, and on March 7, 17 V J7, he set sail from 