Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 7.djvu/325

Rh the government vessel “Prince Vorontzoff” began to make regular trips between Ovidiopol and Akerman; and since that date it has acquired very considerable dimensions. The fisheries of the estuary are of some importance; and the lakes which are formed by the inundations of the valley furnish a valuable addition to the diet of the people in the shape of carp, pike, and tench. The principal towns on the river are Sambor, Khotin, Mohileff, Dubossari, Grigoriopol, Bender, Tiraspol, and Akerman; its tributaries are numerous, but not of individual importance.  DOAB, or, or, a name, like the Greek Mesopotamia, applicable, according to its derivation (do, two, and ab, river), to the stretch of country lying between any two rivers, as the Baree Doab between the Sutlej and the Ravee, or the Reechna Doab between the Ravee and the Chenab, but frequently employed, without any distinctive adjunct, as the proper name for the region between the Ganges and its great tributary the Jumna. In like manner the designation of Doab Canal is given to the artificial channel which breaks off from the Jumna near Fyzabad, and flows almost parallel with the river till it reunites with it at Delhi.  DOBELL, (–), a distinguished English poet, born on the 5th of April at Cranbrook, Kent, was sprung from an old Sussex family, noted for its staunch loyalty in the struggle between the Cavaliers and Roundheads. His father, John Dobell, who wrote a pamphlet on Government, was a wine merchant at Cheltenham; his mother was a daughter of Samuel Thompson, a famous political reformer. When Dobell was twelve s old, the family went to Gloucestershire; and the poet, ever after, with occasional breaks, kept up his connection with the district. He was educated privately, and never attended either school or university. He refers to this in some precocious lines, in imitation of Chaucer, dating from his eighteenth. In he married Emily Fordham, a lady of an old county family in Cambridgeshire. Cheltenham was, for the most part, his home in those early s, as his father's business had to be carried on; but the summer was often spent in the country. During this period his poetic vein flowed freely. He wrote a number of minor poems instinct with a passionate desire for political reform. The Roman was also in progress, and was written mainly among the Cotswolds. It appeared in, under the ''nom de plume of Sydney Yendys. Next year he travelled through Switzerland with his wife; and, after his return, he formed friendships with Robert Browning, Philip Bailey, George Macdonald, Emanuel Deutsch, Lord Houghton, Ruskin, Holman Hunt, Mazzini, Tennyson, and Carlyle, and conducted an interesting correspondence with Charlotte Bronte. His second large poem, Balder, written partly at Coxhorne, partly among the Alps, and finished at Amberley Hall, appeared in. The three following s were spent in Scotland—the winters in Edinburgh, the summers in the Highlands. Here he endeared himself to an entirely new circle, including DrJohn Brown, DrHanna, Hugh Miller, Sir Noel Paton, Sir James Y. Simpson, and Professor and Mrs Blackie. Perhaps his dearest friend at this time was Alexander Smith, in company with whom he published, in, a number of sonnets on the Crimean War, which were followed by a volume on England in Time of War. The delivery of an elaborate lecture on the “Nature of Poetry” to the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution, in April , seriously injured Dobell's chest. Accordingly he spent the winters of the four following s in the Isle of Wight; and, after, the winter generally found him on the Continent, the summer in Gloucestershire. On one occasion, while near Naples, he fell through a thin crust of earth into some underground works, to a depth of about 12 . This accident proved injurious to his health; and, in, a mare, which he was trying to break, fell and rolled over with him. After this he was, more or less, an invalid, and lived in Gloucestershire, preserving his admiration for natural beauty, his keen interest in public affairs, his sunny sweetness of temper, and deep religious feeling, till his death in. As a poet Dobell belongs to the “spasmodic school,” as it was happily named by Professor Aytoun, who parodied its style in Firmilian. The epithet, however, was first applied by Carlyle to Byron. The school includes the Rev.George Gilfillan, Philip James Bailey, Stanyan Bigg, Dobell, Alexander Smith, and, according to some critics, Gerald Massey. It is characterized by an under-current of discontent with the mystery of existence, by vain effort, unrewarded struggle, sceptical unrest, and an uneasy strain ing after some incomprehensible end. It thus faithfully reflects a prevalent phase of thought, and consequently is a perfectly legitimate exercise of the muse. Poetry of this kind is marked by an excess of metaphor, which darkens rather than illustrates, and a general extravagance of language. On the other hand, it manifests a freshness and originality, and a rich natural beauty, not often found in more conventional writings. In this school Dobell shares with Bailey the foremost place; and his genius received early recognition from the Rev.George Gilfillan. He is possessed by his ideal of what a poet ought to be. An intensely earnest spirit pervades all his works; and, like Milton and Wordsworth, he has no humour. We sometimes meet, in his writings, conceits and obscurities which remind us of Cowley and Donne; and still oftener his intellectual subtlety, gorgeous imagery, and exquisite lyrics recall Shelley. The Roman, a poem dedicated to the interests of political liberty in Italy, is marked by pathos, energy, and passionate love of freedom; and its clear vivid style enchains the reader throughout. His treatment of the Colosseum has been compared, not unfavourably, with Byron's. The faults of the work arise almost entirely from the author's embarrassment in dealing with his own riches. The drama, too, is overlaid with monologue, which is carried to such a dreary excess in Balder—a poem so intensely subjective as to fail utterly in human interest. The gloomy egotism of the moody hero wearies most readers, but is relieved, from time to time, by some of the finest descriptions of nature in English poetry, by Amy s exquisitely touching songs, and by grander passages than any to be found in The Roman. There is a distinct falling off, however, in purity of style. The purpose of Balder has been strangely misunderstood by many critics; and some have actually identified the hero with the author. The object of the book is to show the evil moral effects of egotism and a lust for power on a man of genius. The passage on Chamouni is unsurpassed even by Coleridge. Balder, still more than his other poems, manifests Dobell's wealth of thought, as well as the prodigal richness of his imagery. England in Time of War is the most pleasing of Dobell's works, and allows his lyrical impulse full scope. The book is steeped in passion, and gives faithful and poetical, because thoroughly simple, expression to the feelings of many English hearts at the time. In all Dobell's poems a great fondness for alliteration is observable. His chief prose writings have been collected and edited with an introductory note by Professor Nichol (Thoughts on Art, Philosophy, and Religion. London: Smith, Elder, and Co., .) The lecture on the “Nature of Poetry” is an elaborate disquisition, in which a perfect poem is defined as “the perfect expression of a perfect human mind.” In his pamphlet on Reform, he maintains “that a just national representation is such as represents the nation at its efficient durable best.” In his memoranda for 